A brief history of Wales

By bouh
  • Period: 40 to 400

    Part of Roman Britain

    • tensions : straight line of Romans >< sinuous curves of Celts/ British
    - never fully romanized
  • 50

    Revolt of Caratacus

    • leader of a British tribe (not in Wales)
    • use of guerrilla tactics
    • stronghold at Camulodunum
    • betrayed and shackled (= enchainé) before the emperor Claudius
  • 60

    Boudica's revolt against Roman rule

    -> no lasting political impact, but cultural icon
    - limited and biased evidence
    - legion & temple of Claudius at Camulodunum
    - system of British client kings
    - Iceni 'tribe' -> death of Prasutagus
    *Roman governor attacking/ destroying Anglesey
    (center of power)
    - unition of tribes by Boudica
    *destruction of Camulodunum & emple of Claudius
    * ambush/ destroy 9th Legion
    - victory of Roman governor
    * guerrilla tactics, light chariots, no armor, no discipline
  • Period: 410 to 1066

    Anglo-Saxon Period

  • 600

    Y Gododdin

    • heroic defeat of tribe in North England with ties to Wales
  • 800

    Construction of Offa's Dyke

    • construction by Mercian king
    • defensive measures
    • creation of otherness
  • 1000

    Law(s) of Hywel

    • separate set of laws from Anglo-Saxon
    • rights of women
    • Hywel : important king of Wales
  • Period: 1150 to 1400

    Anglo-Norman Period

  • 1270

    Treaty of Montgomery

    • Llywelyn ap Gruffudd
    • officially recognition the power and authority of Prince of Wales by English ruler
  • 1280

    Edwardian conquest

    • Edward I
    • new (English) castles
    • Statute of Wales : part of England (same laws)
    • "Prince of Wales" -> title given to the heir of the throne
  • 1400

    Rising of Owan Glyndŵr

    • last Prince of Wales
    • military success & alliance with English against the King : Wales/ South of England/ North of England
    • no French/ Scots support
    • 'mysterious' disappaearance
  • 1536

    Act of Union

    • unification
    • pull (= attrait) of London
    • no capital city in Wales
    • opposition between principatility and marcher Lords is gone

  • Newsport Rising

    • fight for right to vote
    • fight for right to secrecy of the vote

  • Treachery of the Blue Books

    • understand rest & Wales
    • 'poor state of lg, education and morals' in Wales -> outrage

  • Rebecca Riots

    • protest of agricultural laborers against taxes
    • dressed as women (biblical reference : Rebecca)
  • Period: to

    Industrialization

    • rise of Cardiff
    • "world's workshop" : iron -> coal
    • emigration to Australia and USA (but limited)

  • Creation of the NHS

    • helped by Aneurin Bevan

  • referenda on establishment of separate Scottish/ Welsh parliament

    • 'devolution' : remain part of UK yet govern themselves
    • center of power : Whitehall/ Westminster in London >< Senedd in Cardiff