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She became the Union's Superintendent of Female Nurses during the Civil War and organized the first group of military nurses. Army nursing improved under her leadership.
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She was a nurse and healthcare provider to the Union Army during the Civil War and became known as "Mother Bickerdyke." She continued to assist Northern veterans after the war.
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She was the first trained nurse in the U.S. and developed a system for writing accurate patient reports.
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She was the first black graduate nurse in the U.S. She was one of only four out of the original forty-two to graduate the program. In 1908, she was cofounder of the National Association of Colored Gradate Nurses.
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She founded the American Red Cross in May of 1881 and became known as the "Angel of the Battlefield."
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She became the Superintendent of Johns Hopkins Hospital School of Nursing, expanded the cirriculum, added a preclinical training period, and established an 8 hour workday for nurses.
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She opened the first public health institution at Henry Street Settlement in New York City.
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She organized and was the first president of the American Nurses Association. She also organized National League of Nursing Education, helped found the American Journal of Nursing, and was an advocate for 8 hour workdays.
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She wrote one of the first nursing textbooks.
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She was an inspector of training schools for the New York State Department of Education. She was president of American Nurses Association from 1915-1918. She developed the first nursing program at Yale and eventually became the dean in 1924. Also, she was the originator of the plan for the Army School of Nursing in 1918.
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In 1914, she founded the National Birth Control League, and in 1916, she set up the first birth control clinic in the U.S.
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She founded the Fontier Nursing Service, which provided family-centered care to rural populations and was one of the first nurse-midwifery training schools in the U.S.
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She worked at the Birmingham Baptist Hospital that is now Samford University, and Samford's nursing school is named after her.
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She completed her work "Interpersonal Relations in Nursing" in 1947. She served as Executive Director and President of the American Nurses Association. She was known as the "mother of psychiatric nursing."
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She became the dean in 1948 of the Tuskegee University School of Nursing, which became the first to offer a Bachelor of Science degree in Nursing in the state of Alabama.
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She took a position at Yale University School of Nursing as research associate for a funded project that was designed to survey and assess the status of nursing research in the U.S.
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She was the dean of nursing at NYU in 1954. In 1979, she became Professor Emeritus and stayed active in the development of nursing until she died.
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She developed the Culture Care Diversity and Universality Theory and was the foundress of the worldwide Transculture Nursing movement.
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She founded the Self-Care Deficit Theory, which states nurses supply care when the patients can't supply care for themselves.
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She developed her Caring Theory in 1979 and also was the founder of the original Center for Human Caring in Colorado.
