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In 1815 at the close of the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars the statesmen representing the great powers, in their efforts to restore stable governance to Europe after twenty-six years of turmoil, came to accept (under the persuasion of Talleyrand - the Foreign Minister of the recently restored French monarchy) that "legitimate sovereigns" should be restored, where possible, to their thrones. http://www.age-of-the-sage.org/history/italian_unification.html
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After the Congress of Vienna (1815), the land of Italy was still divided:
-Austria ruled the Italian provinces of Venetia and Lombardy.
The Spanish Bourbon family ruled the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies.
Pope controlled the Papal States. -
Italy:Leaders of unification.
Mazzini
Garibaldi
Cavour -
In 1815 at the close of the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars the statesmen representing the great powers, in their efforts to restore stable governance to Europe after twenty-six years of turmoil, came to accept (under the persuasion of Talleyrand - the Foreign Minister of the recently restored French monarchy) that "legitimate sovereigns" should be restored, where possible, to their thrones.
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Mazzini:
-Formed a nationalism group known as "Young Italy" in 1832.
-He called for an end to foreign rule and the unification of Italy based on the common language and culture of the people. The Italian nationalism movement was called the Risorgimento ("resurgence")
-1848: rebels failed and former rules of Italian states drove Mazzini and other nationalism leaders into exile. -
Cavour:
-Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sarabia.
-Used diplomacy and alliances to increase Piedmont-Sarabia power. -
Agreement between Italy (Cavour) and France (Napoleon III). Napoleon agreed to help drive Austria out of the northern provinces of Lombardy and Venetia.
Cavour provoked a war with Austria. A combined French-Saridian army won two quick victories against Austria. Major battles were fought at Magenta (June 4, 1859) and Solferino (June 24, 1859) .
They drove Austria out of Lombardia but failed to drive them out of Venetia.
France was given Savoy and Nice in exchange for their help. -
Garibaldi:
-Leader of the Red Shirts (Italian nationalist group that gained control of Sicily in 1860) -
Risorgimento,19th-century movement for Italian unification that culminated in the establishment of the Kingdom of Italy in 1861. The Risorgimento was an ideological and literary movement that helped to arouse the national consciousness of the Italian people, and it led to a series of political events that freed the Italian states from foreign domination and united them politically.
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Tension between the industrial north and agricultural south.
Different ways of life.
Different dialects of Italian.
Disorganized political parties caused an unstable parliament.
Strikes and riots in the south.
Italy entered the 20th century as a poor country.
