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A fort in the Harbor of Charleston, South Carolina, was cut off from vital supplies by southern control of the harbor. So Lincoln announced the sending of provisions of foods to the federal troops that held the fort. The South opened fire and thundered guns and on April 12, 1861 the War began. 75,000 volunteers were called to put down the insurrection in the South.
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First Major Battle in July 1861, 30,000 federal troops marched from Washington d c to attack confederate forces near Bull Run Creek at Manassas Junction, Virginia. As federals seemed to be winning, Confederate reinforcements under Thomas Jackson counterattacked and sent them troops back to the capital.
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George McClellan- The new commander of the Union army trained his eastern army and attacked Virginia in March 1862 but stopped by Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee. After five months he forced to retreat and sent back to Potomac where he was placed by Gen. John Pope.
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Lee stroked at Pope's army in northern Virginia and sent it backward to Bull Run. Pope withdrew to the defenses of Washington.
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Monitor vs Merrimac- The Norths victory depended on shutting down the South's source of supply. The Anaconda Plan was crucial to this objective. The Merrimac was a ship that could sink all the Northern's small ships, so the Union came up with the Monitor which fought a five hour duel near Hampton Roads, Virginia in March 1862. The Monitor prevented the South's new ironclad ship from seriously challenging the naval blockade.
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Following his victory he headed across the Potomac into enemy territory in Maryland in search of support from Britain by a victory in the North. September 1862, McCellan was restored and aware of Lee's battle plan. The Union intercepted the Confederates at Antietam Creek in Sharpsburg, Maryland. Over 22,000 men died killed or wounded in the single day most bloody battle.
As a result, Lee retreated to Virginia. McClellan was removed as a commander. -
December 1862, Union, under Burnside, attacked Lee's army at Fredericksburg, Virginia and suffered immense losses.
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Issued by Lincoln
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Lee led an amry into enemy territory surprising the Union units at Gettysburg in Southern Pennsylvania. A good part of The Confederate army was destroyed making them retreat in Virginia again.
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Union Forces controlled New Orleans when Union artery bombed Vicksburg , Mississippi for seven weeks before the surrendered of Confederacy
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