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Muhammad was born during 570 in the town called Mecca. His father died before he was born. His name stands for "To praise".
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When Muhammad was five or six his mother took him to Yathrib, an oasis town a few hundred miles north of Mecca, to stay with relatives and visit his father's grave there.
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Mecca's new materialism and its traditional idolatry disturbed Muhammad. He began making long retreats to a mountain cave outside town. There, he fasted and meditated. On one occasion, after a number of indistinct visionary experiences, Muhammad was visited by an overpowering presence and instructed to recite words of such beauty and force that he and others gradually attributed them to God. This experience shook Muhammad to the core. It was several years before he dared to talk about it outside
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After several similar experiences, Muhammad finally began to reveal the messages he was receiving to his tribe. These were gathered verse by verse and later would become the Qur'an, Islam's sacred scripture. In the next decade, Muhammad and his followers were first belittled and ridiculed, then persecuted and physically attacked for departing from traditional Mecca's tribal ways.
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Persecution of the Muslims by the Quraish. A party of Muslims leaves for Abyssinia. (First Hijrah to Abysinnia).
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Hamza and Umar accept Islam. Second Hijrah to Abysinnia.
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First pledge at Aqaba.
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In 622, Muhammad and his few hundred followers left Mecca and traveled to Yathrib, the oasis town where his father was buried. The leaders there were suffering through a vicious civil war, and they had invited this man well known for his wisdom to act as their mediator. Yathrib soon became known as Medina, the City of the Prophet. Muhammad remained here for the next six years, building the first Muslim community and gradually gathering more and more people to his side.
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Second pledge at Aqaba. Prophet Muhammad, Sall-Allahu alayhi wa sallam, migrates to Madinah.
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Muslims successfully attack Meccan caravans at Badr.
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Battle of Badr.
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Battle of Uhud.
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By now, the balance of power had shifted radically away from once-powerful Mecca, toward Muhammad and the Muslims. In January, 630, they marched on Mecca and were joined by tribe after tribe along the way. They entered Mecca without bloodshed and the Meccans, seeing the tide had turned, joined them.
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When his grandfather died in 578, Muhammad,about eight years old, passed into the care of a paternal uncle, Abu Talib.
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In his early twenties, Muhammad entered the service of a wealthy Meccan merchant, a widow named Khadija bint Khawalayd. The two were distant cousins. Muhammad carried her goods to the north and returned with a profit.
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Sayyidna Khadija, Radi-Allahu anha, and Abu Talib die. Visit to Taif. Isra and Miraj.
