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Piaget's theory on psychology of intelligence
Swiss biologist and psychologist Jean Piaget (1896-1980) is renowned for constructing a highly influential model of child development and learning. Piaget’s theory is based on the idea that the developing child builds cognitive structures–in other words, mental “maps,” schemes, or networked concepts for understanding and responding to physical experiences within his or her environment. An example of echnology that supports his theory includes graphic calculators to maximize learning in algebra. -
John Dewey - experimental learning & project based learning
Dewey was the most famous proponent of hands-on learning or experiential education, which is related to, but not synonymous with experiential learning. Dewey went on to influence many other influential experiential models and advocates. Many researchers credit him with the influence of Project Based Learning (PBL) which places students in the active role of researchers. Google is a perfect tool to help students search information on their projects. -
1926 Lev Vygotsky -Zone of Proximal Development
The concept of the zone of proximal development was developed by Vygotsky to argue against the use of standardized tests as a means to gauge students' intelligence. Vygotsky argued that rather than examining what a student knows to determine intelligence, it is better to examine their ability to solve problems independently and their ability to solve problems with the assistance of an adult.
There are many education software available that will help a child's learn through scaffolding -
MIT pilots
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Skinner -Behavior modification (SR) theory
Reinforcement is the key element in Skinner's S-R theory. A reinforcer is anything that strengthens the desired response.The theory also covers negative reinforcers -- any stimulus that results in the increased frequency of a response when it is withdrawn (different from adversive stimuli -- punishment -- which result in reduced responses). Techonology can be used as rewards or previledges to be taken away suchh as computer time. -
NYC school children
IBM 650 computer teaches binary arithmetic in NYC -
Mainframe and minicomputer
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In 1965, Gagne published The Conditions of Learning Theory
Gagne’s idea is tied to Skinner’s idea of sequenced learning events as displayed in his Nine Events of Instruction. Gagne's (1965) theory of conditions of learning has several implications for instructional technology. The design of instruction involve: analyzing requirements, selecting media and designing the instructional events. Computer adaptive test like Scantron help educators identify weaknesses in each learning objectives so they can work on the specific objectives with each students. -
Bruner's theory of discovery learning
Discovery learning is an inquiry-based, constructivist learning theory that takes place in problem solving situations where the learner draws on his or her own past experience and existing knowledge to discover facts and relationships and new truths to be learned. Students interact with the world by exploring and manipulating objects. Software like microsoft excel, graphic calculators helps students learn mathematics through tesing conjectures. -
CAI -university projects
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Mainframe and minicomputer for instruction and administration
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First micro computers in school
Using desktop systems, classroom teachers begain to take back control of instructional and administrative applications from distric data processing offices. -
CAI movement declines &Computer Literacy terms
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Software publishing initiatives
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Gardner's theory of multiple intelligence
The theory of multiple intelligences was proposed by Howard Gardner in 1983 to more accurately define the concept of intelligence and to address the question whether methods which claim to measure intelligence (or aspects thereof) are truly scientific. Technology such as Smartboard, multimedias and internet allows students in different modalities to learn the same objectives through different presentations. -
Integrated Learning Systems- Central server with connected computer
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WWW is born
First browser (Mosaic) transforms a formerly text-based internet in to a combination of text and graphics. Teachers enter the information superhighway. -
ISTE - NETS standards for teachers and admin
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internet use and distance learning
