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Giuseppe Mazzini told all Italian patriots to join his Yound Italy movement. Mazzani was one of the most famous Carbonari. He thought a republic should rule Italy instead of monarchs.
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Carvour needed to remvove Austria to unite Sardinia and eventually all of Italy and needed help from Napolean to drive Austrians out of Venetia and Lombardy. Soon after this, Cavour started a war with Austria. A French-Sardinian army soon beat Austria. Sardinia succeeded in taking all of northern Italy except Venetia from the Austrians.
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Cavour hoped to secure aid from Britain and France in taking out the Austrians from the Italian peninsula. He wanted to gain British and French favour by supporting them in the Crimean War which was unsuccsful. But the war achieved a useful objectivit left Austria isolated.
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Giuseppe Garibaldi led the exdepition of the Thousand. He led an army to defeat the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, leading to its annexation by the Kingdom of Sardinia. This was inportant for uniting Italy.
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Italian troops enter the Vadican City. It was formally annexed, to the disagreement of Pope Pius IX. The capital was removed to Rome and Italian unification was complete.
