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The Reign of Fernando VII
Fernando returned to Spain in 1814, to restore the aboslute monarchy. However, it wasan't easy since, they have spread lots of liberal ideas during the War of Independence. -
The Liberal Triennium
It is a period during the modern history of Spain, that lasted three years. There was coup d'etat led by Colonel Rafael del Riego in Cabezas de San Juan (Seville). The result was three years of liberalism, where the king had to share the power with him. -
The Ominous Decade
The Hundred Thousand Sons of Saint Louis they helped to reinstate absolutism. Ferdinand VII (king), changed the Salic Law and approved the Pragmatic Sanction. In this way, his daughter (Isabella) could be his successor, and therefore next queen. -
The First Carlist War
This war began in the Basque Country, but it did not succeded. However, peace was signed at the Convention of Vergara (1839). Despite this defeated the Carlist continued, and between 1846 and 1848 there were important Carlist uprising in Catalonia (Revolt of the Matiners). -
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The Regency of Maria Chrisitna
Maria Chrisitina helped the moderate liberals, but she was required to share the power with the progressive liberals. Juan Álvarez Mendizábal its leader, started the abolishment of the Ancien Régime. However, in 1837 a new progressive Constitution joined, with some Enlightenment ideas. -
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The Regency of Espartero
In 1837 the moderate liberals took control of the government. Maria Cristina was forced to retire and the progressive General Espartero was assigned regent. Espartero's ideas damage the Spanish indusrty and created strong opposition. In 1843, Isabell II was proclaimed queen at the age of 13. -
Social instability
It was caused by the dissatisfaction between the peasants above the bad conditions of working. There was also tension among employers and factory owners because of the rise of unemployement and badly payments. -
Expropriations
The state took the lands that belong to the church, nobility and municipalities, in exchange of money. In this way, they could sold this land and that aimed to solve Spain's economc problems. In the reign of Isabel II, some expropirations were carried out by Progressive ministers, but it turned to have very bad social consequences. -
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The Reign of Isabel II
In 1833 Isabel II reached the age of majority, despite the fact that she was only 13 years old. -
Alternation of power between moderates and progressists
These governments were usually led by a military figure, such as Generals Espartero, Narvaez and O'Donnell. -
The Second Carlist War
This war was caused because Isabel II, didn't want to marry with Carlos Luis Bourbon (the Carlist claimant). Although the war ended with the defeated of the Carlist in 1849. -
Glorious Revolution
This Revolution was caused by the progressives (General Prim) and democrats, who were joined by unionints ( Genereal Serrano). Revolutionary Juntas were formed all over the country. -
Provisional government
General Serrano (minister) and General Prim ( the head of the government), they were in search of a new king for Spain that it was not Bourbon. They also called the Constituent Cortes in order to write a new constitution, based on democratic principals. In addition, they established a parliamentary monarchy. -
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Six year of democracy
In September 1868, the crisis of the monarchy led to the "Glorious Revolution", it's goal was to fall Isabella II and establish a democratic political system. During the six years of democracy, diverse different political solutions were tried out, and all faced several problems. -
Amadeo I of Savoy
Amadeo of Savoy, who was from a liberal monarchy that had contributed to the unification of Italy, was chosen to be the king of Spain. Amadeo was supported by progressivess, unionists and democrats, and introduced new measures to help Spain. However, between 1872 and 1876 the Third Carlist War began, because the Carlist proclaimed Charles VII as king. -
The First Republic
When Amadeo I give up, the Cortes proclaimed Spain a republic. It was the first time that Sapin wasn't ruled by a monarch. However it faced many prombles. When the Republicas were making a new constitution General Pavia entered in the Cortes in January 1784 and the First Republic ended.