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The important events before 19th century
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The emergence of science in the early modern period, http://www.historyguide.org/earlymod/lecture10c.html
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"A philosophical movement called the century of the lights, which dominated the world ideas before the 19th century" http://www.history.com/topics/enlightenment
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Armed conflict between Great Britain and American Colonies, for their independence
http://www.britishbattles.com/american-revolution.htm -
"French citizens razed and redesigned their country's political landscape, uprooting centuries-old institutions" http://www.history.com/topics/french-revolution