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The absolutism phase
After the constitution of 1812 and the changes by the Cádiz Cortes, Spain returned to absolutism. Liberals that wanted constitutional monarchy were persecuted. Also groups of liberals organised pronunciamientos, because they wanted reinstatement of Constitution, but they were not successful. Many liberals were expulset and others were executed. -
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The reign of Ferdinando VII
When the french troops lose the power, Ferdinand returned to Spain. He wanted to establish absolutist monarchy. However the ideas of liberalism made it so difficult. -
The liberal phase
This phase was a short period of liberalism. Colonel Riego went to Sevilla, this suposed that the king has to restablish the Constitution of 1812. The National Militia was an armed liberal group that was created to defend the Constitution and oppose absolutism. Ferdinand ask help to Europe for restablish absolutism. France help Spain and send "Los cien mil hijos de San Luís", this troop abolished the liberals. Because of this event Ferdinand return to reign Spain with all the power. -
The ominous decade
This was the return to absolutism. Spain lost power in economy. The war against French and the independence of the colonis in America caused Spain to lose a lot of economic power. A fisical reform was created that would make the privileged classes pay taxes, but they were the ones that defend absolutism. The crisis finished with the birth of Ferdinand's daughter, Isabella. This was the reason why Ferdinand signed the Pragmatic Sanction, the right to allow women to reign. -
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The regency of Maria Cristina
When Ferdinand died the succeser was 3 years old, for this reason Maria Cristina taked the throne. The regency of Maria Cristina finished in the 1840, this was when the first carlism war was finished. This war was the carlins against the liberals. Liberals were on Isabelle's side and the carlins they wanted absolutism and return to the Ancien Régime. Liberales were divided into two, the progressives and the moderates. The progressives had Méndizabal as their leader, who made some changes. -
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The regency of Espartero
When the regency of Maria Cristina ended, the king was Espartero. But the changes he made didn't like a lot to the peasants. In 1843 he resigned and Isabella took the power at only 13 years old. -
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The reign of Isabel II
This was a periode of liberal progressive and moderate.The third Constitution of this century was approved, contains the principles of moderate liberalism. Progressives become more powerful through a coalition with the Liberal Union and a military ruling. -
Glorious Revolution
The government led by Prim (progressive) and Serrano (Unionist). There were a lot of changes: universal male suffrage, recognition of rights such as the press, meeting, association, worship...The fourth Constitution of this century is approved, establishes the monarchy as a government. -
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Six years of democracy
This period of time were 6 years of democracy. -
Amadeo I of Savoy
Amadeus I of Savoy was appointed King of Spain from 1871 to 1873, abdicated because he could not cope with the internal crisis or the external crisis. -
The First Republic
This republic will last 11 months. An unsuccessful attempt was made to consolidate the democratic system. The republic had 4 presidents: Figueras, Pi y Margall, Salmerón and Castelar. It was unsuccessful due to the internal division of the Republicans.
