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House of Burgesses
The House of Burgesses were the first elected local government in the British American colonies. It gave the colonies a sense of independents -
Mayflower Compact
Was the first written framework of government in the U.S. Was one of the first examples of democracy in America. -
William Bradford
Leader of thte Pymouth colony, and signatory of the Mayflower Compact. Wrote "Of Plymouth Plantation." Compiled list around 1630 -
Roger Williams founds Rhode Island
Roger Williams founded Rhode Island in 1636. Rhode island emphasized freedom of religion. -
Thomas Hobbs
English Philosospher whose ideas impacted the American form of government. Strong central government, Social Contract. Published Leviathan in 1651 -
Halfway Covenant
Created in New England to increase chuch membership. Allowed for children of baptized but unconverted church memebers to become members of church. -
Bacon's Rebellion
Bacon's Rebellion was led by Nathaniel Bacon, who was protesting against the policies of William Berkely. They were rebelling against the unfair treatment of poor frontier settlers. -
King Phillip's War
A war between the inhabitants of New England and the Wampanoag and Narrangset tribes. Led by Metacom -
William Penn
Founded Philadelphia. Philadelphia was made up of Quakers. Freedom of Religion -
John Locke
Wrote that all men have a right to life liberty and property. Wrote "A Secondd treatise of Government in 1689". Believed in social contract. -
Salem Witch Trials
Seriesof trials and hearings of young women accused of witchcraft in the Massachusetts colony. Was directed at wealthier women. -
Jonathathan Edwards Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God
Wrote Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God. Was one of the catalysts of the Great Awakening. -
Peter Zenger
Paved the way for freedom of speech. Zenger wrote criticism of royal governor William Crosby. -
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French And Indian War
War that started over the land in the Ohio Valley between the British and the French and Indians. Washington fought in this war. -
Albany Plan
Plan proposed by Benjamin Franklin that proposed a plan to unite the governments of the thirteen colonies -
Stamp Act
A tax encacted by the British Parliament that imposed a stamp duty tax on all legal and and commercial documents. -
Proclamation of 1763
Issued by Kink George III banning settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains. Was laragesly ignored by the colonists -
Pontiac's Rebellion
Indians dissatisfied with with post French and Indian war policies fought against British near Illinois and Ohio River Valley. -
Pontiac Boys
Group of Frontiersman of Scots Irish descent who formed a group in the aftermath of the French and Indian War and Pontiacs Rebellion to retaliate against local Native Americans -
Sons of Liberty
Secret society formed to protest the stamp act in1765. It's main purpose was to protest taxation without representation -
Non Importation Agreements
Series of of commercial restrictions adopted by American colonists to protests British taxation without representation -
Townshend Acts
British imposed duties on glass, lead, paints, paper and tea imported into the colonies -
Boston Massacre
Killing of five colonists by British soldiers in skirmish. Even though the soldiers were innocent this event greatly angered the colonists. -
Gaspee Affair
Sons of Liberty attack a British ship that had run aground in Rhode Island. -
Boston Tea Party
A protest against the British tax on tea by the sons liberty. Dumped a great deal of tea into the Boston Tea Party -
Tea Ac
gave british East India Company a monopoly of tea sales in colonies. Colonists had to pay taxes on tea so consequently the Boston tea Party happened -
Intolerable Acts
Passed by the British to punish the colonists for the Boston Tea Party. Closed boston harbor, quartering act, -
Olive Branch Petition
Amercas lasattempt at peace with Britain.Wanted to avoid war and stay with Britiain if possible -
Common Sense
Pamphlet written by Thomas Paine advocating American independence. -
Declaration of Independence
Document written by Thomas Jefferson that formally declared the independence of the American colonies from Britain. King George largely ignored the document. -
Battle of Saratoga
Decisive American victory in the Revolutionary war. Was a turning point in the war -
Articles of Confederation
First constitution of the United States. Lacked national unity. -
Treaty of Alliance
Treaty between the rebelling American colonies and Fance after the battle of Saratoga. -
Treaty of Paris 1783
Ended the Revolutionary War. Signed in Paris by King George the III and American Representatives. -
land Ordinance of 1785
Layed foundations of land policy until Homestead Act in 1862. -
Annapolis Convention
Convention held to discuss reversing barriers between states that had been put in place because of the Articles of Confederation. -
Three Fifths Compromise
Treaty during the North and South during the constitutional convention. Counted slaves as three fifths of the population to determine state representation -
Samuel Slater
known as Father of American Industry. Left Britain in 1789 to bring learned industrial talents to America -
Bill of Rights
List of of rights added to the constitution that gurantees personal freedoms and rights, as well as government limitations. -
Whiskey Rebellion
Tax rebellion of poor frontier farmers protesting congresses taxation on whiskey which was made from excess grain. -
United States National Bank
National Bank first championed by Alexander Hamilton -
Eli Whitney
Inventor of the cotton gin and interchangeable parts -
Jay Treaty
Treaty between America and Britain supported by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and George Washington in which the British relinquished Pre-Revolutionary forts. -
Pinkney's Treaty
Treay between America and Spain fixing Americas southern border, and granting free navigation of the Mississpi in Spanish territory -
Washington's Farewell Address
Washington warned against party system and getting too involved in foreign affairs. -
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XYZ Affair
Conflict with France during the Adam's administration in which three French diplomats demanded unfair bribes and left the country without discussing with the American diplomats. Led to an undeclared war called the Quasi War. -
Marbury vs. Madison
Established judicial review, in which the U.S. Supreme Court can rule a legislative act unconstitutional. -
Louisiana Purchase
Purchase of western lands by Thomas Jefferson of the U.S. from Napolean of Fance. Increased Americas size. -
The Embargo Act of 1807
Act sponsored by Thomas Jeffferson stating that all exports from the U.S. were illegal. Goal was to get France and Britain to respect americans rights during the Napoleanic Wars. -
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Hartford Convention
Convention held in in Connecticut by the Federalist party in which they compiled a list of grievances against the Democratic Republicans, regarding subjects such as the war of 1812 and states rights. Ultimatesly marked the end of the Federalist Party after Andrew Jackson waas elected to offce. -
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Era of Good Feelings
Decade following the war of 1812 that marked a strong sense of nationalism across the U.S. No parties, stronger sense of national unity in politics because of President Monroe. -
Adams Onis Treaty
Ceded Florida to the U.S. and defined border between spain and U.S. -
Missouri Compromise
Granted Missouri statehood as a slave state given that slavery would be banned north of the 36th parallel throughout the rest of the Louisiana Purchase. -
The Monroe Doctrine
Document created by President Monroe that stated that America essentially was in control of the afffairs of the western hemisphere. Warned against furhter colonization or puppet monarchs by European nations. -
Erie Canal
Built to create a navigable water route betweent the Great Lakes and New York and the Atlantic Ocean -
Horace Mann
Major proponent for public school reform -
Cyrus McCormick
Invented the Mechanical Reaper, which helped agriculture -
Force Bill
Allowed President jackson to use force to collect tarriffs -
Gag Rule
Passed by pro southern congressmen to ban thediscussio of slavery in the house -
De Tocqeville/Democracy in America
Social critique written by Alexis Tocquiville. Helped with prison reform. -
Commonwealth v Hunt
Established the legality of labor unions -
James K Polk
Manifest Destiny. Led America during the Mexican war. Took over Oregon and annexed Texas -
Wilmot Proviso
Proposed to ban slavery in any land aquired from Mexico -
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Mexican American War
Conflict with Mexico after U.S. annexed Texas. U.S. won and was granted all land from Texas to California -
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Ended the Mexican American war. Extended U.S. Territory by 525,000 miles. -
Seneca Falls Convention
Womens rights convention in which Elizabeth Cady called for woman's rights and suffrage. -
Compromise of 1850
Made California a free state, ended slave trade in D.C. and strengthened fugitive slave laws -
Know Nothing Party
Party that arose after the collapse of the whig party. Anti Catholic. Anti Immigrant, had some success in elections -
Nashville Convention
9 slave states hold a convention to determine their best course of action if the Compromise of 1850 passes. -
Fugitive Slave Law
Came as a result of the compromise of 1850. Shocked northerners into being anti slavery -
Stephen Douglas
Ran against Lincoln. wrote Freeport Doctrine and Kansas Nebraska Act -
Uncle Tom's Cabin
An antislavery book written by Harriet Beecher Stowe that haelped raise awareness in the north for the abolitionist cause. -
Kansas Nebraska Act
Act passed that repealed the Missouri Compromise, split the Louisiana Purchase in two, allowed popular sovereignty, and led opponents to create the Republican party. -
Sumner -Brooks Affair
When giving a speech on the senate floor about the evils of slavery, Charles Sumner publicly denounced Andrew Brooks. Andrew Brooks hen proceeded to beat Charles Sumner severely over the head -
Dred Scott v Sanford
A slave sued for his freedom. Supreme Court ruled that he was not a citizen and had no standing to sue in court. Catalyst for the Civil War -
Hinton Helper/ impending crisis
Attempted to prove that slavery was hurting non slave holding whites -
Freeport Doctrine
Proposed during the Lincoln Douglas Debates, during which Stephen Douglas argued that a territory had the right to exclude slavery -
Lincoln, Douglas Debates
Lincoln and Douglas debated slavery. Douglas said that he supported popular sovereignty while Lincoln opposed the spread of slavery to new territories at all. -
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Civil War
War between the North and South over States Rights that tore the country apart -
Battle of Antietam
Bloodiest day of the Civil War. Led to the Emancipation Proclamation -
William Seward
Argued that slavery was wrong and God's moral law was above the constitution -
Fredmens Bureau
Esatablished in the wake of the civil war to help blacks and poor whites. Most important contribution was providing education to former slaves -
13th Ammendment
Outlawed slavery -
Civil Rights Act of 1866
Declared that everyone born in the U.S. is a citizen, regardless of race, color, or previous condition of slavery -
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National Labor Union
Gained over 600,000 suppoters. Put much of its effort into creating an 8 hour work day. -
14th Ammendment
No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. -
15th Ammendment
The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. -
John D. Rockefeller
He was a co-founder of the Standard Oil Company, which dominated the oil industry and was the first great U.S. business trust. -
Crime of 73
Enacted by congress in 1873 to set the specie standard in gold and not silver. Upsetted miners who referred to it as a crime. -
Battle of LIttle Bighorn
American settlers drove indians off their reservations after they discovered that there was gold there. Custer's last stand, he was killed by Sioux Indians -
Compromise of 1877
Marked the end of the Reconstruction Era by pulling troops out of state politics in the south -
Jim Crow Laws
Discriminatory Laws passed in the South near the end of the Reconstrucion Era. Enforced racial segregation. -
Bland-Allison Act
Created a dual conage system of silver, known as "limping bimetallism." -
Booker T Washington
Ex slave who founded the Tuskegee institutue in 1881. Stressed that in order for racial equality to occcur by itself black needed to strive to better themselves through education and hard workd to achieve economic equality. Made Atlanta Compromise Speech. -
Chinese Exclusion Act
Prople of the west began blaming economic troubles and falling wages on Chinese workers. In respnse Congress disallowed Chinese immigrants into the U.S. -
Andrew Carnegie
Led to Americas massive expansioin of American steel industry with Carnegie Steel Company that he sold to J.P. Morgan in 1901. -
Pendelton Act
Established that federal government positions should rewarded on merit rather thatn political affiliation -
American Federation of Labor
Founded by Samuel Gompers the AFL became the largest and most influential labor union in the country -
Interstate Commerce Act
Made railroads publish standard rates, and prohibited rebates and pools. Was important because it was the governments first attempt to regulate big business. -
Dawes Act
indian tribal lands were split into tribal allotments. Provisions were made for indian education and even culture. -
Pullman Strike
Strike against the Pullman Palace Car Company in Chicago. Ended by the president due to interference with the mail system. -
Atlanta Compromise
Speech made by Booker T. Washington in which he told the black community to educate and better themselves in order to each economic equality which would eventually lead to social equality. -
William Jennings Bryan
Leader of Democratic Convention in 1896. His assault on the gold standard resulted in many jobless workers and bankrupt farmers. -
Spanish American war
Conflict between U.S. and Spain because in the U.S. intervention in the War of Cuban Independence -
Insurgent Revolt
Cuban revolt against Spanish rule. Yellow journalism coverage of Spanish backlash led to the Spanish American war -
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Boxer Rebellion
Rebellion fought in China started by superpatriot natives against Christians and foreigners. -
J.P. Morgan
J.P. Morgan was a very successful baker who bought steel steel king Carnegie in 1901. Launched U.S. steel land made it the first billion dollar corporation. -
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Theodore Roosevelt
Became president when MCkinley was assasinated. Known for his conservation of national parks, social reform such as the FDA, and the Roosevelt Corollary. Also built Panama canal. -
Insular Cases
Said that constitutional rightsdo not automatically extend to U.S. territories. -
Anthracite Coal Mine Strike
Coal mine strike that Teddy Roosevelt negotiated by threatening to sieze the mine and operate it with federal troops. -
Hay-Bunau Varilla Treaty
Agreement between America and Revolutionary government of Panama agreeing to the U.S. building the Panama Canal -
Roosevelt Corollary
Extension of the Monroe Doctrine by Teddy Roosevelt in which he extended Americas power in South America by allowing millitary force to be used to protect Americas economic interests -
Russo-Japanese War
Ended in New Jersey by a peace treaty negotiated by Teddy Roosevelt that created ill will between America and the two signatories -
Upton Sinclair
Muckracker who published the Jungle to reveal the horrible tings that were hapenning in the meat industry. Inspired reform by Teddy Roosevelt -
Pure Food and Drug Act
Passed by Teddy Roosevelt instituting regulations on the manufacture of food and drugs -
Great White Fleet
Group of ships sent out by Preseident Roosevelt to travel around the world and show the naval power of the U.S. -
Gentelmans Agreement
Agreemnet between Teddy Roosevelt and Japan in which Japan agreed to stop immigration flow to America if the U.S. stopped the segregation of Japanese children in public schools. -
Eugene Debs
Socialist hero of the Pullman stike that ran for president in 1908 -
Bull Moose Party
Formed by Teddy Roosevelt in the election of 1912, because he felt that Taft was underming the policies he had instiuted. This led to a split in the Republican Party and the election of democrat Woodrow Wilson as President. -
Triple Wall of Privilege
The tarriffs banks and trusts Woodrow Wilson swore to topple. -
16th And 17th Ammendments
16th- power to tax income by gov. 17th-Constitution calls for the direct election of senators by the voters instead of their election by state legislatures. -
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Woodrow Wilson
Progressive Democratic president who led America through WWI -
Clayton Anti-Trust Act
Exempted labor unions from being calleed trusts. Legalized strikes. Added on to the Sherman Act. -
Federal trade Commission
Set in place to regulate unfair trade practices by large corporations. Enabled the government to more easily eliminate monopolies -
Lusitania
Sunk in 1915 by a German U- Boat. was one of the reasons that the U.S. entered WWI -
Arabic Pledge and Sussex Pledge
Pledges made by the German government after the sinking of the two British ships implying the virtual abandonement of submarine warfare. -
Zimmerman Note
Note intercepted from Germany by America, intending to request an alliance eith Mexico in which they would attack America's southern border. -
Fourteen Points
Doctrine proposed by President Woodrow Wilson. Among the points he advocated self-determination, freedom of the seas, free trade, end to secret agreements, reduction of arms and a league of nations -
Treaty Of Versailles
Treaty of, 28 June 1919, the peace settlement imposed on Germany after WWI -
League of Nations
Wilson envisioned it as an Assembly with seats for all nations and a special council for the great powers. The US voted not to join the League because in doing so, it would have taken away our self-determination, and Congress could not decide whether to go to war or not. -
Volstead Act
Established to carry out the eighteenth ammendment which outlawed alcohol -
18th Ammendment
Prohibition. Forbade sale of alcohol -
19th Ammendment
Woman Suffrage -
o keefe
Artist -
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Warren G Harding
Promised to return to normalcy after WWI.Scandals affected his presidency such as the Ohio Gang that had to do with financial jobs that he offered to his friends. Died in his presidency -
Teapot Dome Scandal
Took place during Hardings presidency. Secretary of the Interior Albert B. Fall leased Navy petroleum reserves at Teapot Dome to private oil companies, without competitive bidding, at low rates. -
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Calvin Coolidge
Succeeded presidency after the death of Warren G Harding. Restored confidence in the White House after Hardings scandals -
national origin act
Laws that restricted immigration through quotas.discriminated against immigrants from southern and eastern Europe and virtually excluded Asians. -
Charles Lindbergh
First man to fly across the Atlantic. Spirit of St. Louis was name of plane -
Kellog-Briand Pact
sined on August 27, 1928 by the United States, France, the United Kingdom, Germany, Italy, Japan, and a number of other countries. Prohibited offensive wars -
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Herbert Hoover
Believed in small government and limited federal involvment in peoples lives especially economically. His efforts to stop combat the Great Depression did not work -
Hoovervilles
Name given to shanty towns built during Hoovers presidency, because of his supposed neglect of the American people during the Geat Depression -
Bonus March
MArch by WWI veteran in order to get promised bonus checks. Were run off the Capitol from orders by Hoover to the Army -
Hundred Days
The spcial session of Congress that Roosevelt called to launch his New Deal programs. -
20th Ammendment
Shortened Lame Duck Periods -
21st Ammendment
Repealed Prohibition -
FDIC
Insured accounts in national banks. Helped banks to recover -
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Franklin Roosevelt
Helped get America out of the Great Depression with the New Deal. Led America through WWII -
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New Deal
Time period in which Franklin Roosevelts economic policies were implemented -
Wagner Act
Signed by FDR. Established National Labor Relations Board, and addressed relations between unions and employers. -
social security
federal program of disability and retirement benefits that covers most working people -
Fair Labor Standard Act
Minimum wage ,working hour limits and age limits instituted -
John Steinbeck The Grapes of Wrath
The Grapes of Wrath chronicled the life of a family affected by the Dust Bowl during the Great Depression. Social criticism -
cash and carry
Policy made to preserve neutrality, France and Britain could buy from th U.S. if they payed in full and transported themselves -
Ernest Hemmingway
Famous American Writer -
destroyer deal
America agrred to lend old destroyers to Britain. Ended neutrality -
Lend Lease Act
gave President Franklin D. Roosevelt the powers to sell, transfer, exchange, lend equipment to any country to help it defend itself against the Axis powers. -
Casablanca Conference
FDR and Chuchill met in Morocco to discuss actions following the North African Campaign. Decided to attack southern Italy. Announced the Allies would accept nothing less than unconditional surrender. -
GI Bill
Helped veterans to reintegrate into society with free college and such -
Dumbarton Oaks Conference
International Peace and Security Organization was an international conference at which the United Nations was formulated -
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Harry Truman
Succeeded Roosevelt after he died. Best known for his decision to bomb Japan. He also implemented the marshall plan which helped Europe's economy -
Marshall Plan
Plan for rebuilding Western Europe's economy by Harry Truman -
Jackie Robinson
Became the first black player in major league baseball -
Berlin Airlift
Truman ordered planes to fly over Berlin to drop supplies to prevent the removal of U.S. troops in Berlin. Alson sent several bombers capable of carrying nuclear weapons to England -
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Korean War
Soviet-backed North Koreans invaded South Korea before meeting a counter-offensive by UN Forces, dominated by the United States. The war ended in stalemate -
Douglas MacArthur
Famous general serving in WWII, the Cold War, and Korea. Was relieved of duty by Truman because of iinsubordination. -
Eisenhower Doctrine
promised millitary and economic aid to any Middle Eastern Nation resisting communist aggression. -
Sputnik
First artificial satellite to be launched into space. Done by the Soviet Union -
Little Rock School Crisis
President Eisenhower sent several troops to protect blacks trying to enroll in a desegregated school. -
U-2 Incident
During President Eisenhowers presidency a U2 Spy Plane was shot down over The Soviet Union -
Erik Olson is Born
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Erik Olson Graduates
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Erik Solves World Hunger