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Period: 30,000 BCE to
Begginings of exploration
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25,000 BCE
Bearing Land Bridge
The bearing land bridge was glaciers that people walked across to get to North America from Asia. The first wave of people to cross the land bridge happened about 25,000 BCE. The next wave happend about 6,000 BCE while the last wave was about 3,000 years ago. The glaciers melted and so did the bering land bridge. -
1000 BCE
Bloodletting
Bloodletting began to be known about almost 3000 years ago. Bloodletting is when you get blood out of you system to cure a disease. It was an early for of medice to treat patients.Bloodletting help cure and prevent sickness -
300
Mound Builders/ Adena Hopewell
They were known a the mound builders because they were able to make mud pyramids. They were the first trading network through the continent. Also they had grave yards to honor their dead. They were based on agriculture and had a population of almost 15 million people. -
700
Dark Ages
It was a bad time for Europe and there were no advancements in technology and the economy got even weaker. The Catholic church controlled the culture of the population and most people were not educated. -
1100
Aztecs: Human Sacrifice
Human sacrifice was practiced by Aztec priests because they believed that they owed everything they had to the gods including human lives. They also believed that if they made these sacrifices that the gods would give them good weather and good crop that year. -
1300
Black Death
The black death was a disease that plagued Europe. The plague was in the early 1300's and traveled by fleas it came to Europe on ships. This effected he economy because so may people died that there was nobody left to work. -
1400
Caravals
Caravels were a new kind ship in the early 1400's that could travel much faster than the ordinary ship. They were carried by the wind and were much more maneuverable also. Caravels made exploration much easier by traveling faster and being able to cover more ground or in this case water. -
1492
Colombian Exchange
The Colombian exchange began when the America were Discovered by Christopher Columbus in the year of 1492. It was a trade from the Americas to Asia and Europe. The transformed to the new world. Mostly Food and Clothing was the choice of trade. -
Period: to
English Colonial society
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Jamestown
Jamestown was founded by people from England looking to find some kind of riches to take back to England. They founded the town and named it after king James. Jamestown was the first permanent settlement in North America. -
Tabacco
Tobacco in the Chesapeake colonies was a major cash crop. Tobacco decided the success pf Jamestown. It also increased trade with England and other countries. -
Indentured servants
Indentured servants were people who were working for there way into the new world.They worked for people through a contract for a minimum of 4 years. They were almost like laves and it was a harsh life. The servants were fed, clothed and lived with there masters. -
Plymouth Colony
The Plymouth colony was mostly Puritains. They did not agree with England so they sailed to America on the Mayflower to make up their own colony called Plymouth. -
The Mayflower compact
The Mayflower compact was the first agreement of self government in the Americas. This was thought of by the pilgrims who came over on the mayflower which gave it the name of the mayflower compact in the early 1600's. -
sugar
In the Caribbean colonies the economy was based on sugar. Th English became obsessed with sugar and began to export it to other countries where they made a lot of money. without sugar the economy would have failed. Also most of the plantations made sugar because it was a major cash crop. -
The navigation acts
The navigation acts were a group of acts in the middle of the 1600's that were used to regulate trade to certain countries. The down side of these acts is that England was now able to add taxes too the goods in the colonies. -
Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania was created by William Penn to refuge Quackers who wanted to restore the simple life that they once had before. William Penn got the land from the king because the king had a debt to pay to Penn. -
Militias
Militias were a military force that lives in the normal population. They were also known as minute men because they could get up grab there gun and be there to fight in minutes. They were used to fight against rebels. in the 1700's. -
Salutary Neglect
Salutary neglect is when you leave something alone and avoiding strict rules. Britain use salutary neglect to america because they like the idea of being left alone. Even tho at the time they were considered part of Britain they were being left alone by Britain did this so that the colonies would be obedient to them. -
Benjamin Franklin
Benjamin Franklin was part of a very important part of congress that helped pass the declaration of independence which gave the united states freedom from Britain. Benjamin Franklin is also famous for the discovery of electricity through lightning. -
Period: to
Colonial America
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Shakers
The shakers are also known as the United Society of Believers in Christs Second Appearing. The shakers did not believe in marriage and were celibate. They did not get anywhere because since they were all celibate and didnt have kids they couldnt reproduce and eventually they all died off. -
Lower South
The lower south was a frontier settlement in the mid 1700's where slave grew rice. Slave vastly out number whites and this is where the task system came into play. The task system was when slave were assigned jobs to do. -
Economics of New England Colonies
IN the mid 1700's the new England colonies economy was mostly based on fishing and ships and because of their involvement in building ships they were able to participate in the Atlantic slave trade. Also because of they were able to build ships they built a economy in trade. -
The middle passage
The middle passage refers to a time in the 1700's during a time of trade when people were taken from Africa to the united states to be used as slaves. It was called the middle passage because it was the middle leg of the triangle trade route. -
Upper South
In the upper south there was less slave activity because there were less and smaller farms. The upper south grew different things than the lower south such as wheat, tobacco, and vegetables. -
Period: to
The revolutionary war
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The Sugar Act
The sugar act was put in the people because England was running out of money due to the french and indian war. So England put a tax on all sugar to make up the money they had lost in the war. The colonists were not happy and began to protest. -
Boston Tea Party
The Boston Tea Party was caused by a group of people who did not like the taxes being put on tea and other goods. They decided to dress up like indians while being drunk. They boarded the ships that contained the tea and threw all of the tea in the water to protest against the taxes being put on them. -
Paul Revere
Paul Revere was an average everyday silver smith but came up with an elaborate plan of lanters to warn the malitias that the British were coming. He had one specific ride that he is famous for. He rode through out the night warning everyone that the British were coming to invade and attack so the people had -
July 4th
On July fourth 1776 the declaration of independence was signed which ensured that America was its own country away from Britain. -
Battle of Saratoga
The battle of Saratoga was the turning point in the American Revolution. The battle split the British army in two which gave the American army the upper hand where they would later on go and defeat the British. -
Articles of Confederation
The initial agreement between the 13 colonies, acted as the first constitution. It was soon found to be heavily flawed and couldn't support an expanding nation. When they attempted to update it, congress found it unsuitable, and decided to scrap it and replace it with the United States Constitution in 1788. -
York Town
The battle of Yorktown was the lat battle of the American revolution between America and the British. The french help america defeat the British. The British ended up surrendering . -
Period: to
The constitution
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Treaty of Paris
The treaty of Paris is what ended the revolutionary war between America and Great Britain. The treaty was passed by the continental congress. This was important because this is what ensured that America was a free country and it got other countries to recognize their independence. -
Shay's Rebellion
Former militia men and soldiers in the continental army started a rebellion after injustices in the rights of those returning from war, and the disregard for their welfare from Congress. When the standing army came to settled the rebellion, 4,000 men signed confessions in return for amnesty. -
Executive Branch
The executive branch is the part of the government where the president is. He is elected by the country as a single man and will be considered the leader of the country. In 1789 George Washington became the first president of the United states. -
legislative branch
The legislative branch is in charge of making laws for the country. The people who run the legislative branch are elected by citizens rather than being appointed. The branch was created in 1787 -
Election of 1788
The election of 1788 was the first election in American history. George Washington and John Adams were running against each other. George Washington won the election and became the first president of the united states and John Adams became the vice president. -
The judicial branch
the judicial branch involves congress and supreme court. They are the enforcers of the laws the the judicial branch makes. -
Period: to
the new republic
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The Bill of rights
The bill of rights are the first ten amendments on the constitution. It was written by James Madison and was a response to multiple states wanting more constitutional protection. -
the district of colombia
the district of colombia was a federal district in the eastern part of the united states. It was selected by george washinton and was establish by the congressional acts of 1790. The district was governed by congress. -
Charles Finney
Charles Finny is known as the father of modern revivalism. He believed that peoples destinies were made in their own hands. Charles finny believed that conversions were human creations in stead of works of God. -
Invention of the Cotton Gin
During the industrial revolution the invention of the cotton gin in 1794 by Eli Whitney made it able to pick the seeds out of cotton much quicker and more efficiently which greatly increase the demand for cotton, therefore the demand for labor and slaves to grow and pick the cotton also increased greatly. -
Jays treaty
Jays treaty was a treaty between the united states and france to resolve issues that the countries have had together since american won their independence. -
The Pickneys treaty
The pickneys treaty is also known as the treat of san larenzo. The main thing this treaty was important for is it established intentions of friendship between the united states and spain. The treaty was signed in the late 1700's. it also solved where spains property was and where americas was -
The Kentucky resolutions
Thomas Jefferson came up with the idea of the Kentucky resolutions. The Kentucky Resolutions meant that states could nullify or not follow laws that they believed did not follow the constitution. This gave thee states an opportunity to have there own government and to control some of there own laws. -
Period: to
The age of jefferson
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Midnight Judges
The judiciary act of 1801 was signed into law by john adams a week before his election. The midnight judges were selected and appointed by john adams when he became president. they were known as the midnight judges because they signed their appointment at midnight when adams was elected. -
Charles Dew
Charles Dew was the son of a man who fought in the revolutionary war. He grew up to be a history teacher who was pro slavery and was against protective tariffs. Dew supported free trade. -
The Louisiana Purchase
The Louisiana purchase was a land deal between France and the united states. It double the size of the united states for over 15 million dollars at the time. -
The 12th amendment
The twelfth amendment of the united states gives people the right to vote. this enables people to "chose" who they want to president or who they want to be in congress. This enables people to vote for many other things as well. -
Invention of the Steamboat
In the year of 1807 Robert Fulton invented the steamboat which changed out way of trade and transportation. The steamboat enabled to carrier more up and down river in a shorter amount of time. -
The embargo act
the embargo act was an act passed by Thomas Jefferson in the early 1800's that prohibited any trade in any foreign ports. -
Empressment
The embargo act aloud sailors to be taken from their ships to another country. In this case american sailors were taken from there ships and were forced to work for the British Navy because they did not have enough men. This eventually causes the war of 1812 -
War of 1812
The war of 1812 started when France and Britain got into a long argument with one another and do hurt each other they both tried to block off the others trade supply from the united states.IN 1812 the united states became the first to declare war. -
Andrew Jackon
Andrew Jackson fought in the battle of New Orleans with an army of Black and white soldiers witch with defeat the British army. This battle made Jackson a hero. America gained their independence and jacks would make Jackson a national hero. -
Period: to
The American Industrial Revolution
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The Hartford Convention
The Hartford convention was a series of meetings held by the federalists. The meeting was to talk about war and the problems that came along with it. These problems were things like the 3/5 compromise which gave more strength to the south who threatened the north to keep their slaves. -
Frederick Douglass
Frederick Douglass escaped from slavery and is now and was known as the father of the civil rights movement. He rose through his determination and fought for rights for all humans. He was a human rights and woman right activist. -
Oregon trail
The Oregon trail was made for traders and fur trappers to travel on. The trail was only used on horseback or on foot. The trail travels through a total of eight states most in the north but some in the south. -
Temperance Movement
The Temperance Movement was a movement against the consumption of alcoholic beverages. The movements normally criticized being drunk off alcoholic beverages but also wanted the complete absence of alcoholic beverages. -
Period: to
Culture Changes
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Election of 1824
This election had 4 candidates, Andrew Jackson, John Q. Adams being the most prominent. This was a very unique election. No candidate received the majority of electoral votes, so it was decided by the House of Representatives. Since the Federalist Party had disbanded several years back, the United states was a one party state, and candidates ran on the Democratic-Republican platform. Adams won the vote in the House, and became the only president to win without having the most electoral votes. -
Presidency of John Quincy Adams
Elected in a cloud of scandal, John Quincy Adams' presidency faced doubt and mistrust from the public all four years. He could not build the political relations needed from a president and his policies were focused on scientific development, not the global development the country needed at the time. He was a very unpopular president and the 1828 election became very personal to Adams, which led to his political retirement after his loss. -
Period: to
The age of jackson
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Sing Sing
Sing Sing was a maximum security prison by the New York state department of corrections. Sing sing is four stories high and it could hold more than 2,000 inmates at one time. the name sing sing comes from an indian phrase that means stone to stone. -
Election of 1828
The 11th presidential election between returning candidate Andrew Jackson and incumbent John Quincy Adams. This was a major victory for Jackson, and a personal loss for Adams. During the election Adams wife passed away many personal attacks were made against Adams causing him to retire from politics. -
Spoils System
After Jackson's election, he gave many cabinet and other political positions away to close friends and donors to his presidential campaign. This cited many rumors of scandal and corruption in the executive branch, and led to a general mistrust of the president throughout the time he spent in office. -
Railroad
The Railroad allowed for faster transportation than ever before. Larger goods could be sent over wider range of terrain than before. Previously the most efficient form of transportation were boats, which were limited to major waterways, and shipping by railroad was 60-70% cheaper than by carriage. -
Nat Turner slave rebellion
Nat turner was a slave who lead an uprising and rebellion with hs fellow slaves. Him and 16 of his fellow slaves killed over 55 white men, woman, and children. It was one of thebiggest slave uprisings in american history. -
Election of 1832
Twelfth election for president of the U.S. between incumbent Andrew Jackson and Henry Clay. Jackson won by a landslide despite questionable policies in his first term, but his popularity in the race was due to his policy on the federal bank and previous financial success as president. -
First Police Force
The first police force unit the united states started out as community volunteers which was first referred to as "watch" in Philadelphia in 1833. The first true police force was established in Boston in 1838 that was publicly funded and the officers were full time employees. -
American Ant-slavery Society
The American ant slavery society was founded by William Garrison and other abolitionists in the early 1800's. Garrison was against the constitution because he believed it was a pro slavery document. He declared that there should be no union for slave holders. -
The Alamo
The alamo is located in San antonio texas. It is also known as the siege of bexar because the texas laid under siege to mexico in the fight for texas to become independent from mexico. The siege of bexar last for almost two months and ended in a lose for the texans who came overpowered by the numbers of the mexican forces -
Election of 1836
Thirteenth presidential election, incumbent Vice President, Martin Van Buren won the race agianst Whig candidate, William Henry Harrison. The Whig party ran 4 candidate hoping to defeat Van Buren but instead they split their vote and lost. -
The Steal Plow
The steal plow was invented by John Deere in 1837. The steel plow enabled farmers to plow there crops much faster and a lot more efficiently. Since the population was growing this was a key solution to the economy for farmers to be able to make enough food and cotton for the population. -
Period: to
Westward Expansion
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Telegraph
The telegraph was open for public use in 1844 and it was invented by Samuel Morse. The telegraph used morse code to communicate from long distance away very quickly. Morse code and the telegraph transformed war by being able to communicate quickly where before you had to send a note which would not get there in weeks but now you could communicate back and forth in seconds. -
Annexation of texas
Texas was in a war with mexico and ended up winning to become their own country. They were not a very succesful country and wanted to be annexed to the united states. Texas was the 28th state to join the union in 1845. -
Bear Flag revolt
The bear flag revolt was when a small group of american settlers rebelled against the Mexican government and they declared the California was its own republic and not part of Mexico. The settlers got what the wanted and California was declared its own republic. -
Mexican Border
There was an argument going on about the mexican border between mexico and texas. Mexico said the border was at the Nueces river and the Texans said it was at the Rio Grande river.Texas was now a part of the united states so the mexico and america went to war and ended up in an american victory. -
Mormon Migration
The Mormon migration was a quest they had for religious freedom ad growth of their religion. Brigham Young led the mormon migration and when they got to the salt lake valley he declared "this is the place" and him and 148 other mormoms began to prepare for the thousands more who would follow. -
Period: to
Sectionalism
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The California Gold Rush
The California gold rush started when James Marshall found a gold nugget in a sawmill. Before the gold rush California was nothing but after over 300,000 people migrated to mine for gold. Not many were successful but some people made fortunes. Before long towns began to form and California became more populated. -
Harriet Tubman
Harriet Tubman was the one who started and the leader of the underground railroad. Harriet Tubman escaped from slavery but came back many times to help her fellow slaves escape as well. The underground railroad was not an under ground railroad but was an elaborate route slaves took to get to the north. -
personal liberty laws
the personal liberty laws were passed in the northern united states. This helped escaped slaves but letting them have the freedom to participate in jury trials which prevent the authorities and other to participate in their catch and return plan for slaves who escaped from the south. -
The fugitive slave act
the fugitive slave act was past in the mid 1800's. The point of the act was for people to return runaway slaves from the south who escaped into a state or another territory. The northern part of the united states were angry with the act because it required them to aid and capture run away slaves to return them to the south. -
Uncle toms cabin
Uncle toms cabin was an anti slavery novel written by Harriet Beecher in the mid 1800's. The book was an an argument against slavery and it was an argument against it being a crime for aiding runaway slaves and not taking them back to the south. -
Kansas Nebraska act
The Missouri Compromise was what established the 36-30 latitude line.The line was what established slave states versus non slave states. anything that was bellow the line was a southern slave state and anything that was above the line was above the line was a northern non-slave state. This was just a temporary solution which cause problems later on. It also gave kansas and nebraska the choice if they wanted to allow slavery or not -
John Brown
Harpers ferry is a town in west virginia. John brown lead a small group of soldiers to raid the town of harpers ferry against the federal army. John Browns idea was to start an armed slave revolt to destroy the institution of slavery. -
The north during the civil war
The north during the civil war had almost every advantage they could possibly have. The had 71% of Americas population and 72% of the railroads. The had much more industry than the south so they could produce weapons and clothes for the army. They only lacked in one spot and that was they did not have the leadership that the south had. -
South during the civil war
The south during the civil war faced many disadvantages. They had less population, less industrialization, and less railroads. They were not able to send goods to the north to make money. They only had one advantage and that's their leaders. they had many more and much better military leaders than the north. -
Army of the patomic
The army of the Potomac was the principal army of the union in the east. It was made just after the first battle of pull run in 1861. They were the main army for the union and was founded by George B. McClellan. -
Period: to
The civil war
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First Bull Run
the first bull run was fought in 1861 and was the first major battle of the civil war. The south completely dominated the north in this battle. The union had about 3,000 casualties tot eh south's 1,700. The union troops called the battle bull run but the confederacy called it the battle of manasses -
THe 20 Negro Law
The twenty negro law was a law that was passed and kept some people from going into the draft. The law was that if you had twenty or more slaves then you did not have to go fight in the civil war. Most people had less than ten so not many people qualified for the law to be exempt form the draft. -
The battle of shiloh
The battle of Shiloh is also known as the battle of Pittsburg landing. The Union came out on top of the battle of Shiloh but suffered more casualties than the confederacy. The confederacy had 10,000 casualties and the union had 13,000 casualties under the command of Ulysses S. Grant. -
Second battle of bull run
the second battle of bull run was very different from the first. The Union trampled the south.The battle and armies there had much larger numbers of people than the first battle of bull run. Though the union won the battle they had almost twice ass many casualties at 14,000 and the confederacy had 8,000. -
Lincolns 10% plan
Lincolns ten percent plan was to get states sworn back into the union. The idea was once ten percent of the state voted and swore an oath of allegiance to the union then the state could be readmitted into the union. -
Gettysburg adress
The Gettysburg address was a speech given by abraham lincoln. It is know as his most famous speech. It was to dedicate the cemetry at gettysburg to represent the men who fought and died at gettysburg. he also talked about how far the country had come. -
40 Acres and a mule
Forty acres and a mule was a promise made to the freed black slaves that all would get forty acres and a mule . The land would come from former slaves owners who abandoned their plantations when slaves were set free. Then the slave owners would come back and take back their land. The slaves who were on the property were now considered homeless and then were forced to work by the owner of the property. -
13th amendment
the thirteenth amendment is about slavery. It says that nobody should be forced to do involuntary work for anything other than punishment. This abolished slavery in a sense but, it also had ways that you could make rules for people to have to work as slaves. -
The Klu Klux Klan
The klu klux kan was a form of white resistance. The would kill freed slaves as a punishment to them. They had no major reason to other than the fact that they hated African Americans. The kkk had six people that are considered the founding of fathers. -
Scalawags
Scalawags were white southerners who favored the republican party and the reconstruction of the united states. They were look down on by other southerners because they did not want slavery to come back like the rest of them did. -
Jim crows laws
Jim crows laws were laws that had do with and enforced racial segregation in the united states. These laws told African Americans that they were not equally to white people. The laws enforced things such ass that they could not sit in the same railroad car as white people could. -
Period: to
Reconstruction
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Black codes
The real major purpose of black codes were to preserve and keep slavery. These were laws that if you were homeless or wondered around not doing anything that you were breaking the law. It was illegal to be homeless and your punishment was to be forced to work on a plantation like a slave as they were before. -
Trail of Tears
When gold was found in the hills of Georgia, the homeland of the Cherokee and other Native American tribes, Jackson signed the Indian Removal act, forcing the native americans to relocate to Indian Territory, the present day state of Oklahoma.
