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476 BCE
Rome
The fall of the Roman Empire was mainly based on their military strength. Internal struggles such economical power, new religious reforms play a role. In its struggle to hold power of its vast land, Rome was being face with the invasion of barbarian groups. The last of the Roman emperors were overthrown by Odoacer. The 1000 year of Roman order had come to an end and the western power was now ruled by the Barbarian Kingdom. -
1091
The Knights Templar
The knight templar was an organization formed by the catholics as a military order. There first tasks were to protect pilgrims in travel but later it expanded to protect crusades in the holy land. In 1129 The catholic church became an official endorser of the Knights Templar. In 1139 the pope allowed the organization to have special rights. The fall of the KNights began when the muslim armies took control of the holy city known as Jerusalem, forcing the Knights to relocate. -
1300
The Renaissance
Leonardo DA Vinci was an accomplished designer, artist, and architect during this period. In a world were superstition was a force behind many events, Leonardo thought with reason and logic. In his journey of vast inventions and art, he made the point clear that science and art should work hand and hand with one another. One of his most well known pieces of art included the Mona Lisa, The Last Supper, and The Baptism of Christ. With Leonardo's actions, he later was named the "Renaissance Men" -
1340
The Black Death
With the death toll of The Black Death being an estimated 25 million. This scarce of workers increase the deamnd for labor which gave new oppurtunity for peasants who survive in Europe. As peasants were being more in demand they also demanded for higher wages. European rulers try to keep the wages from becomming higher, so they pass english Las such as the law in 1349 which forced workers to accept the same wages they received previously. -
1492
The Columbian Exchange
The exchanging between the new and the old world brought plants, culture, animals, and disease. The exchanges impacted the social, economical, and culture from both sides of the world. The exchanging of the new world foods can be a factor in population growth in Europe, Africa, and Asia. Foods that became a daily use were potatoes, maize, and squashes. New foods from the old world included bananas, coffee, chicken, and rice. -
Period: 1492 to
Beginnings to Exploration
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Period: 1492 to
Colonial America
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1493
Caribbean Colonies
Sugar was the main cash crop from the Caribbean and grossed as much as eighty-percent of the economic profit. The Caribbean islands met the required conditions in order to grow the crop and soon Barbados became the richest island in the region as it grew the most sugar. As slave plantations grew, most of the islands were being used for the harvestation of sugar. -
1500
Slavery (Middle Passage)
The Middle passage was about a twenty day voyage that the enslaved Africans took to the New World. The passage was apart of something bigger known as the triangular trade route. While being transported, slaves were tightly packed in rows on the floor as the ship sailed this route. The death toll was pretty high while transporting due to diseases. Those who were sick or already passed were thrown overboard. -
1534
New France
An experienced French navigator known as Jacques Cartier was sent by the King of France to the New World in search of valuable metals like gold and silver. On Jacques's twenty-first day on the journey to the New World, he discovered the land of what is now Canada, what is now Quebec, and also the first to discover the Saint Lawrence River. Jacques had later completed three full expeditions. -
1536
New Spain
The seven cities of Cibola were a myth of cities containing gold throughout the New Mexico territory. The Spanish later heard about this and led their own expedition under the control of Francisco Vasquez de Coronado. He brought along three-hundred and fifty soldiers with as many as one-thousand natives. Francisco swept through the land destroying many native settlements and only finding a small amount of gold. -
Chesapeake Colonies
The Chesapeake Colonies were the settlements in Virginia and Maryland. Both colonies were located in British-America and centered on the Chesapeake Bay. Settlements in the Chesapeake Colonies grew slowly due to diseases such as malaria that was taking the lives of settlers. Those settlers would escape poverty in England by signing a contract that required them to work, four to seven years, in order to pay them back for the trip. -
Period: to
English Colonial Societies
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Colonial Economies (Upper South)
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New England Colonies
Plymouth was the first New England colony that was settled by a group of Puritan Separatists who sailed on the Mayflower and also had to sign the Mayflower Compact. The Mayflower Compact stated whoever signed it would agree on Plymouth being a self-governed settlement. The first settlers who arrived seeked religious freedom from the church of England. When winter time came around growing crops was a struggle and many have died because of diseases. -
Navigation Act
The Navigation Act was passed by the English Parliament as a series of acts that regulated and limited the colonial trade between other powers such as the French and Dutch. These colonies would only be allowed to import goods from Britain. While also only being able to export colonial goods such as tobacco and sugar to Britain. The acts also inhibited taxes on the colonies that parliament would collect. -
Glorious Revolution
The Glorious Revolution happened in England and overthrew the current king at the time, King James ll. He was overthrown because of the fear of catholic tyranny. He was replaced by his protestant daughter and her husband. The king was a catholic himself and favored catholics which resulted in him passing the Declaration of Indulgence. Although, he still had problems with parliament so he went out of his way to attempt and create a new parliament that would support him. -
Salem Witch Trials
The Salem Witch trials began in Massachusetts, 1692. The Salem Witch Trials were a series of witchcraft trials where nearly two-hundred people were accused of witchcraft and ninety were executed. Puritans had a strong belief in the supernatural and viewed misfortunes to be caused by witches and their association with the devil himself. -
Triangular Trade
The Triangular Trade was a trade route between the Americas, England, and Africa. England would trade with Africa, the Africa with America, and then the Americas with England. Raw resources and materials like sugar, cotton, and tobacco were coming from the Americas. England was sending manufactured goods like guns and textiles. While Africa was sending slaves to work slave plantations. -
Act of Union
The Act of the Union were two acts of parliament that were passed. Both coming from Scotland and Britain. Scotland passed the Parliament of England. While Britain passed the parliament of Scotland. After the negotiations England and Scotland would have the same legislature and continue to be under the same monarch. This created the United Kingdom of Great Britain. -
Great Awakening
The Great Awakening was a religious revival led by Jonathan Edwards, John Wesly, and George Whitefield who swept through thirteen colonies trying to revive religion. The movement started because of the decline that started to occur in religious attendings. Christians went as far as sending missionaries to forcefully convert the natives into Christians. -
The Enlightenment (Georgia)
The colony of Georgia was founded under the guided principles of The Enlightenment Movement. James Oglethorpe and twenty like-minded individuals were granted charter by George ll. In honor of him, they named the colony Georgia. He envisioned the colony as a new beginning for the poor. In his encouragement of industrialization, he gave male immigrants plots of land along with tools and supplies. -
Seven-Years War
The Seven Years' War was a global conflict fought between 1756 and 1763. It involved every European power at the time and spanned over five continents, Europe, the Americas, West Africa, India, and the Philippines. What emerged from the war were the Treaty of Paris, Treaty of Hubertusburg, Treaty of Saint Petersburg, and the Treaty of Hamburg. -
Period: to
The Revolutionary War
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Townshend Act
As an effort to help pay for the cost of the French and Indian War the British parliament passed a series of acts that forced the colonies to pay a tax on tea, paper, paints, lead, and glass. All the taxes resulted in a resistance from the colonies who felt as if the taxes were against their representation. The Boston Tea Party later evolved from this. -
Repeal of the Townshend Act
The saying "No Taxation without Representation" emerged from colonist who protested form the Townshend Act. The colonist were filled with anger over the Townshend so they boycotted the importation of goods from Britain. The Boston Massacre will later occur where colonist were shot and killed for messing with the British troops. -
Battle of Lexington & Concord
The Battle of Lexington and Concord also known as, " The shot heard around the world" will be where the first military confrontation between the colonies and the British occurred during the American Revolution. The British attacked the courthouse located in Concord as a tactic to obtain the ammunition stored inside. The end resulted in an American victory as the British retreated -
Olive Branch Petition
The Olive Branch Petition was submitted to King George as a proposal that stated how colonist were to be asserted their rights while maintaining loyal to the crown. This was the final attempt by the colonist to prevent going to war in the American Revolution. When the king received the petition he refused to even read it. Which caused a major rage in colonist that was considered the start of the American Revolutionary War. -
Dunmore's Proclamation
The Dunmore's Proclamation was a document signed by John Murry which declared martial law. The proclamation gave freedom to the slaves in american colonies under the condition of them leaving their masters to join the British Forces. Nearly eighty-thousand to one hundred-thousand slaves left their masters and joined the British to fight for the cause of earning their freedom. -
The Declaration of Independence
The Declaration of Independence was adopted by the Continental Congress and was written to explain their decision on why they chose to separate themselves from British rule and everything they struggled with in the colonies. The founding father who wrote the Declaration of Independence was none other than Thomas Jefferson. Along with the help of John Adams and Benjamin Franklin. -
Articles of Confederation
The Articles of Confederation was the first constitution the United States had established. The Articles presented itself as a weak central government. The states were given most of the power. Under the articles the economy weakened due to the lack of sufficient power implemented on tax laws. The Articles of Confederation were put the test during Shays Rebellion and completely failed, demanding for a new constitution. -
Enlightenment Ideas on America in the late 18th Century
The Age of Enlightenment was a movement that considered the thinking of reason, individualism, and skepticism as well as challenging traditional views. Founding fathers included Thomas Jefferson and Benjamin Franklin who followed the views and ideas of the enlightenment. They later adopted a great emphasis on republicanism, religious tolerance, and the thinking of liberty. -
Battle of Yorktown
The Battle of Yorktown was considered one of the last major battles in the American Revolutionary War. With commander George Washington and his fleet of French and Continental troops, they sieged against the British forced that were led by General Charles Cornwallis. General Charles was forced to surrender after the British troops were outnumbered and surrounded by Washington's army. -
Treaty of Paris
The Treaty of Paris officially ended the war and Britain would have to acknowledge the United States as independent. The border of the United States was extended to the great lakes parallel from the Atlantic to the Mississippi. The United States had to agree to return anything belonging to loyalist and free prisoners of war. -
Period: to
New Republic
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Shay's Rebellion
Shays rebellion was an uprising that occurred in Massachusetts led by Daniel Shay who protested with four thousand rebels in a protest against perceived economic and civil rights injustices. Shays rebellion had put the Articles of Confederation through a test that showed how weak the articles actually were. Which later led to a new constitution to be formed. -
Constitutional Convention
The Constitutional Convention was held in Philadelphia where the convention had the founding fathers discuss about the problems the weak central government from the Articles of Confederation. The Virginia Plan was proposed by James Madison, a joint legislative branch,and lower house elected people. The New Jersey plan called for each state to have one vote in congress. The Connecticut Plan, as well as the other plans, emerged from this convention. -
Northwest Ordinance
Adopted by the confederation congress, the Northwest Ordinance started a government for the northwest territory while providing a way of admitting new states to the union and guarantee to a bill of rights over the territory. The Northwest ordinance protected civil liberties and did not allow slavery, it was also written before the constitution and adopted by congress. -
Election of 1788
The Election of 1788 was the first ever presidential election conducted under the new constitution. George Washington was the first and only president to be elected unanimously by the electoral college. He served two terms with a runner-up, John Adams, who later became vice president under President George Washington's terms.Washington's leadership in the American Revolution helped secure him as president. -
Period: to
The Constitution
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Second Great Awakening
The Second Great Awakening was a Christian religious revival in the United States. A preacher would lead the movement spreading the ideas of suffering and injustice in society. It would establish reforms such as the temperance movement, women's suffrage movements, and abolitionist reforms. Education was not at its finest before the awakening. Later education became an important aspect. -
District of Columbia
The District of Columbia was established by the constitution to serve as the nation's capital city. The states capital was argued on whether it should be placed in the southern states, like Thomas Jefferson had originally wanted, since slavery there was prominent. The location of the capital was chosen than none other by President George Washington who had picked out the exact location. -
Bank of the U.S.
The Bank of the United States was established as a three part expansion of federal fiscal and monetary power. Alexander Hamilton believed that the bank would stabilize the nation's credit under the newly enacted constitution and help pay off war debt. Jefferson believed that the bank of the United States served unconstitutional and did not give national government power to build a bank. -
Whiskey Rebellion
The Whiskey Rebellion was an uprising in farmers who protested against a whiskey tax that was passed by the federal government being the first ever tax on a domestic good. George Washington issued a proclamation ordering the rebels to take down the protest. He sent about thirteen-thousand troops into Pennsylvania to calm down the protest. This was the first federal authority with military means in the state's boundary. -
Bill of Rights
The American Bill of Rights were established in 1791 as a way to protect the basic rights of American citizens. The first ten amendments were written by James Madison as the anti-federalist felt that the Bill of Rights should be implemented to the individual liberty of people who needed to be protected. Federalist argued that no such thing as the Bill of Rights needed to be created. -
Period: to
American Industrial Rev.
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Election of 1796
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Election of 1800
The Election of eighteen-hundred was the first that allowed voters to choose between political parties. It was the nations first real test of transferring power through a contested election. The Federalist candidate, John Adams, was chosen as Vice President. This was the first campaign between opposing candidates.Both sides held rallies and hung posters to get more supporters over the other. John Adams will defeat Thomas Jefferson. -
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Age of Jefferson
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Jefferson Administration
Thomas Jefferson's objection of Alexander Hamilton's proposal of the United States bank created a big debate whether if it was constitutional or not. Thomas Jefferson argued that the constitution did not give the power to congress to create a national bank. He also argued that the United States bank will cause problems for development of regular state banks. -
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Westward Expansion
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Steamboat
Invented by American Inventor Robert Fulton, the steamboat was being widely used as a conventional manner of transportation through the waterways and canals in the eighteen-thirties. The previous methods of transportation were flatboats that had problems going up-stream and were time consuming. The steamboat solved those problems. -
Madison Presidency
Time after James Madison took office native american tribes in Indiana and Illinois signed the Treaty of Fort Wayne in which approximately three million acres of land were obtained from natives. The Treaty of Fort Wayne led to war as tension and anger grew from a strong Shawnee leader known as Tecumseh who had an attempt to fight against the white settlements. -
War of 1812
The War of 1812 was the first time the United States had ever declared war. The United States declared war against Great Britain for the issues of Britain creating an economic blockade. France and Britain forcefully inducted American seaman into the British Navy.The Battle of Lake Eri was a huge win for the United States since it allowed them control over the lake, as well as stop British forces from seizing northwest. -
Adams-Onis Teaty
The Adams-Onis Treaty was also known as the Florida Purchase in eighteen-nineteen that caused an argument between the United States and Spain that gave the land rights to the United States. The treaty also set the boundary between Spain and the United States over a border dispute that created tension after the American Revolution. Spain's decision to sell the land came when they failed to bring settlers in. -
McCulloch vs. Maryland
The McCulloch vs. Maryland was a supreme court case. The State of Maryland tried to prevent a branch from the second bank of the United States but lacked the power to tax the bank. So the supreme court ruled that the federal government could not pass laws that were not written in the constitution. -
Panic of 1819
The Panic of 1819 was an economic depression that the United States was faced with. Many banks, farm lands, and houses had to be closed as nearly everyone was affected by it. The banks were to blame since many were giving out loans to anyone from any social class. Eventually the banks ended up having more money loaned than in the actual bank. -
Temperance Movement
The Temperance Movement was dedicated to the controlling or abstinence of the consumption of alcoholic beverages. The movement prompted that the consumption of alcohol was a detriment to your health, family, and personal life. It prompted education over the consumption of alcohol. Laws were later established that restricted the selling of alcoholic beverages and some prohibited anything and all of alcohol. -
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Sectionalism
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Monroe Doctrine
The Monroe Doctrine was a United States policy towards the western hemisphere. The Monroe Doctrine declared that the United States would not allow any European powers from further colonization in the new world. Any attempt that came from Europe will be seen as hostile. The United States will also not allow the expansion of monarchs. -
Election of 1824
The Election of eighteen twenty-four was when John Quincy Adams was elected president by the House of Representatives since Andrew Jackson was the popular vote but he had failed at obtaining the majority vote. This seemed as a surprise to many since John Adams did not win the majority vote in the electoral college, still won the majority in presidency. -
Presidency of John Q. Adams
The presidency of John Quincy Adams was between the years of eighteen twenty-five to eighteen twenty-nine which was only one term he had served. He created a progressive national program known as the American System during his presidency, He also invested federal funding for internal improvements like the addition of canals and roads as well as a National University. -
Election of 1828
The election of 1828 was a rematch to the previous election of 1824. Representing the Democratic party was the well-known Andrew Jackson, while the opposing side, the National Republic party, had John Quincy Adams. The election would end in Andrew Jackson coming out victorious as he wanted revenge for the last election that did not go his way. -
Jackson Administration
After Andrew Jackson won the presidential election of 1828 he was ready to kick everyone out who was associated to his predecessors and ready to replace them with some of their own. He used the Spoil System in order to start hiring. If you were loyal to Jackson or help him win the election you were recognized by him and likely to be employed to fill a position. -
Revivalism
Revivalism was a revival of the church. It was like a restoration after the church went through a tough period of moral decline. Charles Grandison Finney was a key religious revivalist and was known as the Father of Modern Revivalism. He was also a leader in the Second Great Awakening. Charles was a profound innovator who formed preaching into the service procedure it has become. -
Greek Revival
Greek revival is a neoclassical style of architecture inspired by and incorporating features of Greek temples from the 5th century BC. The architecture became popular in the United States and Europe from the eighteenth century to the nineteenth century. Which gave us the White House we have to this present day. Characteristics of Greek Revival include columns and pillars with the occasional white paint. -
Nat Turner Rebellion
The Nat Turner Rebellion was also known as the Southampton Insurrection. The rebellion took place in Southampton County where rebel slaves killed anywhere from fifty-five to sixty-five people, fifty-one were white. The rebellion led Nat Turner into hiding until he was found then convicted and later hanged. -
Election of 1832
The Election of 1832 was the 12th quadrennial presidential election. The election was won by President Andrew Jackson, candidate of the Democratic Party, who defeated Henry Clay, candidate of the National Republican Party. This election was the first where presidential nominating conventions were held to select the presidential candidates. Andrew Jackson won with majority vote. -
American Anti-Slavery Society
The American Anti-Slavery Society was founded in 1833 by William Lloyd Garrison and Arthur Tappan and served as an abolitionist society. The AASS successfully developed more than one-thousand charters and around two-hundred and fifty-thousand members. A former slave known as Frederick Douglass was a key leader in the AASS and was often the spokesperson at meetings they held. -
Battle of Gonzales
The Battle of Gonzales was a confrontational battle that consisted of the rebellious Texans and the Mexican Army. Back in 1831 mexico lended new settlers a small cannon in order to defend themselves against Comanche Raids. In 1835 the Mexican colonel wanted the cannon back so he sent troops to retrieve it from the settlers. The settlers refused to return the cannon so one-hundred troops were sent to face-off against the armed rebels -
Transcendentalism
Transcendentalism developed as a philosophical movement in reaction to rationalism between the years of eighteen-twenty to the eighteen-thirties. Transcendentalism was the belief of goodness within people and nature. The members held progressive views on feminism and communal living as well. With Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau as some central figures. -
Election of 1836
The Election of 1836 was when Democrat Martin Van Buren defeated several Whig Party candidates led by William Henry Harrison. Under his presidency he faced many financial problems relating to the Panic of 1837. The refusal to renew the second bank of the United States lead funds to be withdrawn from the bank causing the worst economic depression in early America. -
The Telegraph
The telegraph was developed in 1844 by inventor Samuel Morse. The telegraph would revolutionize communication over long distances. The telegraph would be able to send and receive messages over electrical signals between two telegraphs using morse code. This allowed a fast way of communicating during the Civil War, which Lincoln used to his advantage in order to defeat the South. -
Waltham System
The Waltham system was a labor production model employed during the rise of the American textile industry in the United States. It was meant for farm girls and young women who came to work at the textile factory. They were housed in supervised dorms or "boarding houses" and were provided with educational and cultural opportunities. The girl would move to a rural area to get involved in this system and later fall under the nickname "Mill Girl" -
Election of 1840
The Election of 1840 had Whig nominee, WIlliam Henry Harrison, defeated Martin Van Buren of the Democrats. This would be the first election the Whig party had seen since the past three elections. William H. Harrison will win with the popular vote of two-hundred and four out of the two-hundred and ninety-four total votes. -
Immigration
Like many other individuals, immigrating to the United States worked as a way to get rid of their past lives of poverty and make a better living. As the Industrial Revolution came along, workers were in need to help run these factories. Waves of immigrants from different countries for different reasons filled the United States and take advantage of these new factories -
Yeoman Farmers
In the south if you were a white who did not own slaves you were labeled as a "Yeoman Farmer." These Yeoman Farmers owned their own plot of land with the labor work coming from the family instead of having slaves do it. They viewed themselves as independent and hardworking individuals who claim that slavery did not help them one bit. Plus with the owning of slaves comes more wealth and power and Yeoman Farmers did not like getting such things from slave owning. -
Manifest Destiny
Manifest Destiny was when the United States pushed west into the open land in hopes of covering land ranging from coast-to-coast. Westward expansion first began with the Louisiana Purchase in 1803. The Oregon Trail was later established as many Americans were eager to expand west. The Oregon Trail was the main trail many settlers took who wanted to push west and at the same was the only known trail to getting there. -
Annexation of Texas
Texas was apart of Mexico until the year of 1836 where settlers in Texas coming from the United States declared for independence. It was until the year 1845 when Mexico recognized The Republic of Texas and was admitted to the United States becoming the twenty-eighth state. -
Mexican-American War
The Mexican-American War occurred during after the annexation of Texas since Santa Anna did not recognize Texas as, "The Republic of Texas" and still believed it to be apart of his northeastern province. The war lasted two years ending with the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo which also gave the United States five-hundred and forty-five thousand square miles of land adding to westward expansion. -
Wilmot Proviso
Wilmot Proviso was an unsuccessful proposal from Democratic member, David Wilmot. It was issued to prohibit slavery in territory acquired from the end of the Mexican-American War. The House of Representatives granted David Wilmot with a two-million appropriation bill to help solve the final negotiations from the Mexican-American War and its proviso. -
Seneca Falls Convention
The Seneca Falls Convention was the first women's right convention of the United States. The convention was full of women talking about the unfair treatment they were receiving, as well as social, civil, religious conditions, and women's rights. The convention was held in Seneca Falls, NY where about three-hundred people attended with the majority being women and some men. -
Election of 1848
The Election of 1848 was 1848 was the 16th quadrennial presidential election. In the aftermath of the Mexican–American War, General Zachary Taylor of the Whig Party defeated Senator Lewis Cass of the Democratic Party. Both party's avoided the issue of slavery. -
Compromise of 1850
The Compromise of 1850 was a series of five separate laws that dealt with the issue of slavery passed by the congress of the United States. Henry Clay drafted the compromise and the bills made Texas surrender their new claiming of New Mexico and of North 36:30. The Compromise would also allow California to be admitted to the Union as a free state. -
Fur Trade
Fur trade in the north included selling the fur, trading it, and exchanging it for other animals in America. The fur trade was at its peak in the nineteen-hundreds. Fur trading became an economic venture in North America as it attracted competition from the Spanish, Dutch, French, and the British. The demand for furs in Europe increased as it became a fashionable piece of clothing. -
Election of 1852
The election of 1852 was when Winfield Scott of the whig party lost to Franklin Pierce of the democratic party. This would result in the last time the whig party would stand against the democratic party. As many of the politicians in the whig party would shift over to the north in votes as the Republican Party came about. -
Republican Party
The Republican Party first emerged in the events of combating the Kansas-Nebraska Act. The early republic party had little support from the southern states. The republican party believed in a smaller federal government and that people had their own state rights to make their own laws. -
California Gold Rush
The California Gold Rush was a main factor in people migrating to California to fill up the open land in the west. James W. Marshall first found this luxury at Sutter Mill and news spread quickly of the discovery. Later as many as three-hundred thousand people had moved west to California in search for gold. Mines after mines were being established as well as towns for people who worked the mines. -
North Industrialization
In the North railroads were being used to transport troops, weaponry, and other materials during the Civil War which helped them keep an advantage over the South. The North boomed in manufacturing and in production during the Civil War as a way to keep the South under control. -
Election of 1860
The Election of 1860 was when the Republicans party Abraham Lincoln defeated the Democratic party of Stephen A. Douglas, John C. Breckinridge and the constitutional union candidate John Bell. After President Abraham Lincoln took office, this led South Carolina to secede from the Union since President Abraham did not want the spreading of slavery. More states later seceded from the Union over slavery under his presidency. -
Confederate States of America
The original Confederate States of America were formed from the seven states that seceded from the union. South Carolina was the first state who seceded from the union after the election of Abraham Lincoln. The other states that also seceded were Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas. The Confederate States later surrendered under the command of General Robert E. Lee to the Union at the Appomattox Court House. -
The North in the Civil war
The North during the Civil War had a large advantage over the South due to the fact that transportation in the North was more available than in the south. Nearly two thirds of the railroad track was in the north and it was only growing in size. The North dominated in population, their wealth, and their industrial advancements they had over the south. The north had factories that were assembling weaponry for the war and using the railroads to get them to their troops.
