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Aristotle Believed that the oceans were in the deepest parts of Earth's surfaces. He came up with the water cycle. He knew that the Sun evaporated water from the sea surface, which then condensed and returned as rain. He also began to catolog marine organisms
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The Polynisians reached and colonized all of the Hawiian islands . The colonized every bit of livable land from Hawaii, to New Zeland, and Easter Island.
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Leif Eriksson was the son of Eirk The Red. He left Greenland and sailed west. He reached North America roughly 500 years before Colombus.
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The Phoenicians (1200-164 B.C.) established trading routes on land to the East, and marine routes to the West. They trading throughout the Mediterranean Sea, involving North Africa, Italy, Greece, France, and Spain.
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Magellan and his crew circumnavigated around the world. He left Spain with over 250 men and five ships. The expedition lost two ships before they found a passing through the Strait of Magellan. Ferdinand Megellan and his crew crossed the Pacific Ocean and arrived in the Philipines in March (1521) and was killed there on April 27, 1521.
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Bartholomeu Dias braved the dangerous belief that the waters at the equator were at a boiling point and that sea mosters would engulf ships, and he rounded the Cape of Good Hope. He had sailed in search of new and faster routes.
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The hydrographic office was dedicated to mapping the oceans. In 1795, the Bristish appointed a hydrographer.
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Captin James Cook was one of the founders of Oceanography. He made many expeditions and circumnavigated the globe. Hw made sioundings to depths of 400m, and accurate observations of winds, currents, and water temperatures.
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John Harris on, a Yorkshire clockmaker, built the first Chronometer. The chronometer was basically a portable clock that could be taken on voyages by sailors.
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The HMS Challenger was able to be powered by steam. It was able to take deep water salinity, water, and biological samples.
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The Carnigie Institute funded a series of exploratory cruises, including investigations of Earth's magnetic field.
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The Glomar Challenger was a deep sea research and scientific drilling ship. The research that was done on this ship helped to prove the hypothesis of sea floor spreading and plate techtonics.
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In the 20th century, the National Science Foundation (NSF) funded a lot of research that went on at the mid ocean ridge. The came up with Ridge in 1989. The goal of Ridge was to integrate exploration, experimentation, and theoretical modeling to help understand the oceans. In 1999 Ridge 2000 focused on three main study sites to look at sea floor spreading.
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Argo was named after the ship that Jason sailed on to get the golden fleece in Greek mythology. The idea with argo is to have them and jason team up to collect real time data of the ocean and send it to scientists via satelite. There are 3,256 argo's floating in the ocean today.
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The Phoenicians travled out of the Mediterranean Sea and went north along the coast of Europe, the British Isles, and south to circumnavigate Africa
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Erik The Red sailed from Iceland and discovered Greenland. He lived there for three years before going back to Iceland to recruitt more settlers. One of the recruitts was blown off course and went south of Greenland. It is believed that he came within sight of Newfoundland before going back and successfully reaching Greenland.
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The Vikings were very accomplished voyagers. They participated in extensive trade, exploration, and colinization. They are known for exploring inland on rivers through Europe and wester Asia. The Vikings are most well known for the voyages accross the North Atlantic Ocean. They sailed to Iceland in 871.
