-
13th Amendment
Amendment of the Constitution that abolished slavery. Group: African Americans Significance: Finally gave people of all races freedom and the right to not be ownership or property of someone else. -
14th Amendment
Gave all people born or naturalized in the U.S. rights of citizenship, due process of law, and equal protection of the law. Group: African Americans Significance: Has become one of the most used amendments in court to regarding the equal protection clause. -
15th Amendment
The right to vote shouldn't be denied on account of race or color, especially for African Americans. Group: African Americans Significance: Gave all men the right to vote no matter what color or race they are, further step towards full equality for the U.S. -
Tuskegee Institute Created
Founded by Booker T. Washington, it established a normal school for colored teachers in Tuskegee, Alabama. Group: African Americans Significance: Provided African American students with academic and vocational training. -
Plessy v. Ferguson
U.S. Supreme Court case that resulted in the ruling of "Separate but equal". Group: African Americans Significance: Even though people of color were now free, they were still split apart and less superior than whites. -
NAACP Created
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. Created by W.E.B Du Bois as a Civil Rights organization to help fight for African American rights. Group: African Americans Significance: Played a major role in pushing for the end of segregation, led to Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education that banned segregation in public schools. -
19th Amendment
The right to vote shouldn't be denied on the account of sex. Group: Women Significance: Women get the right to vote, which pushed them even closer to equality with men. -
Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) proposed
Proposed by the National Women's political party to provide for the legal equality of sexes and to stop discrimination on the basis of sex. The amendment was proposed in 1923 and defeated in 1972. Group: Women Significance: It was the start of the end of inequality based on sex, as the National Women's political party sought to end all discrimination between women and men. -
Executive Order 9981
President Truman ended discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion or national origin in the military. Group: African Americans Significance: Led to the U.S. Armed Forces ending segregation in their services during the Korean War. -
Brown v. Board of Education
U.S. Supreme Court case that ended racial segregation in public schools and overturned Plessy v. Ferguson. Group: African Americans Significance: The court case was a turning point in ending segregation because it the start of segregation being banned for major populations. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955 - 1956)
Civil rights protest where African Americans refused to ride city buses with segregated seating. Rosa Parks was a key figure who protested by sitting with the whites in a segregated bus. Group: African Americans Significance: The bus boycott signaled to many African Americans that peaceful protest could result in the changing of laws to grant equality to all people. -
Little Rock 9
Governor Orval Faubus prevented 9 African American students from entering high school, but President Eisenhower used the National Guard to protect the students' entry into the high school Group: African Americans Significance: These 9 African American students were the first to enter Little Rock High School after schools had to ban segregation 3 years earlier. This led to many more African Americans being able to enter high school and have the same education as non-colored people. -
Civil Rights Act of 1957
President Eisenhower established the Civil Rights Section of the Justice Department and gave power to federal prosecutors to obtain court injunctions against interference with voting rights. Group: African Americans Significance: Laid the foundation for the federal reinforcement of civil rights and increased protection of voting rights. -
Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) formed
A conference to advance civil rights in a peaceful way. Martin Luther King Jr. helped significantly with this conference. Group: African Americans Significance: Influenced many African Americans to start peacefully protesting, which later led to African Americans gaining full equality. -
Greensboro, NC Sit-ins (February)
Four African American students sat at a lunch counter for whites only to protest racial segregation and refused to leave after being denied service. Group: African Americans Significance: Use of nonviolence inspired others to follow them, which further developed the case for equal rights in the U.S. -
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) formed (April)
Student political organization civil rights group that used nonviolent strategies to protest for equal rights. Group: African Americans Significance: Influenced African Americans to participate in sit-ins, freedom rides, marches, and other protests to push for equality. -
Chicano Movement(Picture)
-
Period: to
Chicano Movement (Mural Movement)
Mexican - American civil rights movement in which many artists began using walls of city buildings, housing projects, schools, and churches to draw Mexican - American culture. Group: Chicanos Significance: Creation of bilingual and bicultural programs, improved conditions for migrant workers, hiring of chicano teachers, and Mexican - Americans working as elected officials. -
Freedom Riders
Civil rights activists who rode on interstate buses to the segregated southern U.S. They challenged and protested local laws to push for integration by breaking segregation laws. Group: African Americans Significance: They increased the credibility of the American Civil Rights Movement and eventually led to integration. -
Cesar Chavez
Co - founded the National Farm Workers Association and was a major Latino American civil rights activist. Group: Chicanos Significance: He pushed for better working conditions for many workers on farms who worked for low wages and under severe conditions. -
Dr. King's: "Letter from a Birmingham Jail" (April)
Defended the strategy of nonviolent resistance to racism and segregation Group: African Americans Significance: The letter served as a start to the long road to freedom in a movement based on actions and words. -
Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) defeated