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Woodrow Wilson was the 28th President of the United States, sworn into office in March of 1913 despite his questionable health, and ended his term in March of 1921. Being president during the war, Wilson promoted the neutrality of the US, but the US was soon involved in 1917 when US merchant ships were attacked by German submarines. He was responsible for the resegregation of the Senate, negotiation of the Treaty of Versailles, and ratification of the 18th and 19th Amendments.
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War between Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire v. Great Britain, the US, France, Russia, Italy, and Japan. New technological advances such as submarines, tanks, and machine guns cost the lives of the most soldiers during the time.
US entered the war on April 6, 1917 -
British ship sunken by a German torpedo during its rout from New York to Liverpool. Almost 60 percent of the people on board did not make it; including about 120 Americans. The involvement of American lives played a significant role in the decision of US war involvement during 1917.
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The Great Migration was the movement of African-Americans, from the South, who were looking for jobs in the urban areas of the North. This migration sparked what is known as the Harlem-Renaissance; a period of musical and artistic highs of African-American culture.
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Jeannette Rankin became the first woman to win a seat in Congress and was reelected to the House of Representatives in 1940.
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Vladimir Lenin was head of the Bolshevik Party during the 1917 Russian revolution. From November 6-7 of 1917, he led a seizure of power against the provisional government to install a form of Soviet government.
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In order to improve military numbers, Wilson signed a law that required all men in the US between ages 21 to 30 to enlist.
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Endorsed by A. Mitchell Palmer and President Wilson, this Act was meant to bar individuals from releasing any information that would affect the US armed forces efforts or promote enemy success.
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Spanish Flu(1918)
During this time, the flu killed more soldiers than the war. One of the speculated reasons the disease was called the Spanish Flu is because of the amount of news coverage coming from Spain. The pandemic came to an end the summer of 1919. -
Wilson’s Fourteen Points became a backbone for foreign policy, proposing cooperation between different nations and preventing large scale wars in the future.
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The Sedition Act was created one year after the Espionage Act to further enforce penalties on anyone who criticized the US government, war efforts, or the flag.
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The Treaty of Versailles was created In June of 1919 to form peace between the Allied nations and Germany; leading to the League of Nations. Despite Woodrow Wilson’s efforts to promote the treaty, leading to his Fourteen Points speech, the Treaty of Versailles was not ratified in the US due to its failure to gain two-thirds vote by Senate.
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Charles Schenck was charged with violating the Espionage Act by persuading Americans to disobey the draft. The decision was made on March 3, 1919, where Charles and fellow conspirator Elizabeth Baer were found guilty of attempting to cause insubordination in the military.
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Albert Fall was charged with accepting bribes from oil companies to drill oil on federal land; Teapot Dome in Wyoming, Elk Hills and Buena Vista in California.
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Woodrow Wilson pushed Congress to pass the 19th Amendment, which allowed women to vote in America.
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This luxury brand was established in Florence, Italy by Guccio Gucci. The brand started out as a manufacturer of luxury luggage for Italy’s upper-class. After Guccio’s passing in 1953 his three sons, Aldo, Vasco, and Rodolfo, took over and in the mid-60s they began introducing eyewear and other accessories to their line.
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She served as a nurse’s aid in Canada. In December of 1920, she took her first airplane ride. In December of the following year, she passes her flight test and earns her Aeronautics Association license. In 1922, she became the first woman to ply solo above 14,000 feet.
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In Hollywood, California, the Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio is founded by Roy and Walt Disney after Walt’s previous studio went bankrupt.
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In 1924, the first successful Olympic Games were held in Paris. There were more than 3,000 athletes from 44 nations involved. The first ever Winter Olympics were also held earlier that year on January 25th.
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Starting at 9 am in the morning, the parade began in Harlem and made its way to Herald Square. Floats featured the Mother Goose favorites from the Old Woman Who Lived in a Shoe to Little Red Riding Hood. Their guest of honor— Santa Claus.
