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Russo-japanese war
imperialistic conflict that grew out of the rival designs of Russia and Japan on Manchuria and Korea. Russian failure to withdraw from Manchuria and Russian penetration into N Korea were countered by Japanese attempts to negotiate a division of the area into spheres of influence. The Russian government, however, was inflexible, and it was willing to risk an armed conflict in the belief that Japan was bound to be defeated and that a Russian victory would head off the growing threat of internal re -
bloody sunday
That Sunday morning in St Petersburg (it was January 9th, Old Style), some 150,000 people gathered at the six designated assembly points to converge on the Winter Palace and present a petition to the Tsar, Nicholas II, who as the ‘little father’ of his people would surely be bound to sympathise with them. The march was organised by an Orthodox priest, Father George Gapon, head of the Assembly of Russian Factory and Mill Workers, one of several trade unions set up the previous year with the appro -
austria-hungary annexes Bosnia
Ottoman rule in Bosnia ended with the Russo-Turkish War (1877-78) and the Congress of Berlin (1878) peace settlement crafted by Chancellor Bismarck. The Great Powers had aspirations of carving up the Ottoman Empire to their own benefit. The Ottomons at this time have been partioned as Poland had been. The Empire was unable to meet its financial obligations. There were internal civil disorder, restive minorities, and hotile neighboring coubntries, especially Russia and Austria-Hungary. The Ottomo -
the assassination of Archuduke Franz Ferdinad
The couple was returning from an official visit to city hall. They were assassinated by a member of the Blackhand, Gavrillo Princip. Princip burned with the fire of slavic nationalism. He envisioned the death of the Archduke as the key that would unlock the shackles binding his people to the Austro-Hungarian Empire. This event soarked the beginning of World War I. -
austria-hungary declares
On July 28, 1914, after a decision reached conclusively the day before in response to pressure from Germany for quick action—apart from Kaiser Wilhelm II, who by some accounts still saw the possibility of a peaceful diplomatic resolution to the conflict, but was outmaneuvered by the more hawkish military and governmental leadership of Germany—Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia. In response, Russia formally ordered mobilization in the four military districts facing Galicia, its common front w -
russian mobilizes army
After facing a major defeat in the franco-prussian war they mobilized Russia. France urged Russia to mobilize in case ant attacks from Germany.When Russia entered the war it had the largest standing army in the world with a total of 5 million soldiers. -
schlieffen plan to put into action
In 1904 France and Britain signed the Entente Cordiale (friendly understanding). The objective of the alliance was to encourage co-operation against the perceived threat of Germany. Negotiations also began to add Russia to this alliance. As a result of these moves the German military began to fear the possibility of a combined attack from France, Britain and Russia -
germany invades belgium
the german army quickly overwhelmed belgian defences and king alber was forced to move his government to ke harve in france. However, the belgian army resisted more than the germans expected and this help to frustrate the schiefflen plan. -
start of the battle of marne
When Germany invaded Belgium on August 3rd 1914, their movement across Western Europe was swift and in accordance with the Schlieffen Plan. The Belgium army was swept aside with relative ease and the British Expeditionary Army (BEF) had retreated at the Battle of Mons. General French had wanted the BEF to withdraw to the coast but this had been forbidden by Lord Kitchener who ordered that the BEF should not separate itself from the French army. -
the sinking of the lusitania
Less than a year afyer the war started, a German U-boat torpedoed and caapsized the Luisitania. There where 1,900 passengers/crew members on board. 1,100 where perished. The sinking of the Luisitania played a significant roll in turning public opinion against Germany. -
start of the battle of verdun
The Battle of Verdun is considered the greatest and lengthiest in world history. Never before or since has there been such a lengthy battle, involving so many men, situated on such a tiny piece of land. The battle, which lasted from 21 February 1916 until 19 December 1916 caused over an estimated 700,000 casualties (dead, wounded and missing). The battlefield was not even a square ten kilometres. From a strategic point of view there can be no justification for these atrocious losses. -
start of the battle of somme
compromising the main allied attack on the western front during1916, the battle of the Somme is famous chiefly on account of the loss of 58,00 brtish troops. The attacked was launched upon a 30 kilometre front, from north of the Somme river between Aras and Albert, and ran from July 1st to november 18th. -
zimmerman telegraph found
In 1916 Woodrow Wilson was elected President for a second term, largely because of the slogan "He kept us out of war." Events in early 1917 would change that hope. In frustration over the effective British naval blockade, in February Germany broke its pledge to limit submarine warfare. In response to the breaking of the Sussex pledge, the United States severed diplomatic relations with Germany. -
russian civil war
The Russian Civil War was to tear Russia apart for three years – between 1918 and 1921. The civil war occurred because after November 1917, many groups had formed that opposed Lenin’s Bolsheviks. These groups included monarchists, militarists, and, for a short time, foreign nations. Collectively, they were known as the Whites while the Bolsheviks were known as the Reds -
russian czar Nicholas II abdicates
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the United States enters World War I
The U.S, finally joined its allies-- Britain, France, and Russia. es, At first President Wilson pleged neutrailty for the united states, a position that the vast majority of Americans favored. Britain was one of America's closest trading parteners, and tension soon arose between the U.S. and Germany. -
october revolution
October Revolution, also called Bolshevik Revolution, the second and last major phase of the Russian Revolution of 1917, in which the Bolshevik Party seized power in Russia, inaugurating the Soviet regime. See Russian Revolution of 1917. -
fourteen points proposed
he main purpose of the Fourteen Points was to outline a strategy for ending the war. He set out specific goals that he wanted to achieve through the war. If the United States was going to fight in Europe and soldiers were going to lose their lives, he wanted to establish exactly what they were fighting for. Through this speech and the Fourteen Points, Wilson became the only leader of the countries fighting in the war to publicly outline his war goals. -
Russia signs Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
When the Bolsheviks seized power in Russia in the revoolution of 1917, the country was still engaged in the First World War, allied with England, France and the United States against the Central Powers of Germany and Austria-Hungary with their Ottoman allies. -
kaiser wilhem II abdicates
On Nov. 9, 1918, at the end of World War I, Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany abdicated his throne. With the Allies insisting they would not negotiate with Wilhelm's government, and given his unpopularity at home, Wilhelm had no choice but to step down. -
armistice signed
On Nov. 11, 1918, fighting in World War I came to an end following the signing of an armistice between the Allies and Germany that called for a ceasefire effective at 11 a.m.– it was on the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month.The terms of the agreement, as reported by The New York Times, included the immediate German withdrawal from enemy territories, disarmament and demobilization of the German military, and the release of Allied prisoners. -
treaty of versailles signed
World War I ended in 1919 with the signing of the Treaty of Versailles in the Hall of Mirrors. Symbolically, it was the same place where Otto von Bismarck had celebrated the French defeat in 1871 by proclaiming a German Empire, after the Franco-Prussian war that finalized the unification of the German state and signaled the rise of Germany’s military power. The treaty was finalized by the victors in late April and handed to the German representatives on May seventh. -
stalin takes over russia
Stalin’s control over Russia meant that freedom was the one thing that people lost. The people of Russia had to read what the state allowed, see what the state allowed and listen to what the state allowed. The state’s control of the media was total. Those who attempted to listen, read etc. anything else were severely punished. Everybody knew of the labour camps and that was enough of a deterrent.
