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Many ships arriving at Britain or going out from it were sunk by German U-boots. This violated the Prize Rules of the Hague Convention and turned neutral opinion against the Central Powers. It was one of reasons for Brazilian’s entrance in the war later.
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This had a loss of 1,000 lives being 128 Americans. This was a factor in bringing the US into the war
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After scaling down U-boat attacks after the Lusitania, Germany renewed unrestricted submarine attacks in February 1917 in an attempt to starve Britain and France into surrender.