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Triple Entente, Allies, consisted of France, Britain, and Russia.
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The Cnetral Powers contained Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Ottoman Empire. Triple Alliance contained Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy.
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Franz was the heir to the Austrian throne. On his visit to the Bosnian capital Sarajevo, he and his wife Sophie were shot by Serbian nationalist, Gavrilo Princip. Princip was a menber of the Black Hand, an organizatin promoting Serbian nationalism. July 28 Austria-Hungary declared short war against Serbia.
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Germany invaded Belgium using a strategy known as Schiefflen Plan. This plan called for a holding action against Russia, combined with a quick attack through Belgium to Paris; after France had fallen, the two German armies would defeat Russia.
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It got sunk by a U-boat off the southern coast of Ireland. 1,198 people lost their lives, 128 were American. The German's reason was that the liner carried ammunition but Americans became outraged.
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Wilson ruled out military response after Lusitania. Germany sunk another ship drowning 2 Americans. U.S protested and Germany agreed not to sink anymore passenger ships.
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Germany broke promise and torpedoed an unarmed French passenger steamer. 80 passengers including Americans were killed or injured. U.S warned it would break off diplomatic relations unless Germany changed its tactics. Germany agreed under the condition that if the U.S could not persuade Britain to lift naval blockade, then Germany would renew unrestricted submarine warfare.
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British suffered 60,000 casualties the first day alone. Final casualties totaled about 1.2 million. It was trench warefare, where armies fought for mere yards of ground, continued for over 3 years.
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German minister to German Ambassador of Mexico intercepted by the British. It said that if war broke out between U.S and Germany that Mexico would aid Germany. And GErmany would support Mexico in recovering lost territory.
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Required men to register with the government in order to be randomly selected for military service. By 1918 24 million registered and 3 million were called up.
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Heavy guard of destroyers escorted merchant ships back and forth across the Atlantic in groups. By fall of 1917, shipping losses had been cut in half.
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Established 1917 and reorganized in 1918 under control of Bernard M. Baruch, prosperous businessman. The board encouraged companies to use mass-production. techniques to increase efficiency. Also to eliminate waste by standardizing products.
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U.S helped win the second battle of the Marne. THis led to a turning of tide against the Central Powers.
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First propaganda Agency. Propaganda is biased communication designed to influence people's thoughts and actions. The head was George Creel, former muckraking journalist.
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Established by President Wilson. Workers who refused to obey could lose their draft exemptions. Work or fight is waht the board told them. Also wanted to improve factory conditions.
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Wilson set up Food Administration under Herbert Hoover. Instead of rationing food, he called on people to follow the gospel of the clean plate. One day a week meatless, sweetless, two days wheatless and another two days porkless. Restaurants removed sugar bowls and gave bread.
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1917 ESpionage Act was passed and 1918 the Sedition Act was passed. Under these Acts a person could be fined up to $10,000 and sentenced to 20 years in jail for interfering with the war effort or for saying anything disloyal, profane, or abusive about the government or the war effort.
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Austria-Hungary surrenders to the Allies on November 3, 1918.
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German sailors mutinied against the government. Mutiny spread and organized revolutionary councils were formed everywhere. Socialist leaders in the capital, Berlin, established a German Republic.
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Germans were too tired to keep on fighting even though there were no Allied soldiers on German territory. So Germany agreed to cease fire and signed an armistice that ended the war.
