-
Boznia annexation crisis- The Begginigs of WW1
The congress of Berlin gave Austria-Hungary the right to temporarily occupy and govern Boznia, yet Boznia officially remaind under the Ottoman empire.Still The Austrians tried hard to educate Boznia in their ways, and in many ways link them to Austria Hungary. At this time the Turks staged a revolution in Istanbul, afraid the same would happen in Boznia, Austria-Hungary took i tupon themselves to annex Bosnia therefore making it one of their countries. Serbia was then outraged by the(unfinished) -
Period: to
The Western Front
The Basics of World War 1. Mainly focused on the Western Front. The Western Front was the name given by Germans to the trenches that ran 700 km, from the Belgium coast to the Sweedish borders. -
Period: to
Trench Building
Trenches were designed to slow enemy advances and be used as quick retreat. Trenches were used in the front lines, and were built in a zig zag pattern, in case a bomb was to be dropped in on of the trenches. Trenches were usually dug by hand but the luckier soldiers were given shovels and tractors. Trenches were normally built the night before the battle. There were four different ways to build Trenches.
-Entrenching: a line of soldiers digging straight down.
-Sapping: a short trench which was t -
Assassination of Franz Ferdinand
On this date Archduke Franz Ferdinand toured Bosnia with his wife Sophia in a low security vechial. A Serbian activist called Nedjelko Cabrinovic, attempted assassination but failed, harming an innocent bystander and a member of the security. Later on their tour Archduke Franz Ferdinand's tour ran a wrong turn and unfortunately, another activist was awaiting them. With one shot he fatally wounded both franz ferdinand and his wife. They later died within the hour. -
Engaging the Alliances...
On this date Austria-hungary blamed all of serbia for the assassination of Archduke Franz-Ferdinand, and presened Serbia with ten demands that they had to accept. Though Serbia accepted all but one of these demands, Austria-Hungary still declared war, and threatened to overtake Serbia. Serbia had an alliance with Russia, who also had an alliance with the French Republic and the British Empire. Austria- Hungary on the other hand, were allied with, Germany and Italy. All countries prepared armies. -
Schlieffen Plan
In 1905 Schlieffen created this plan in case any world war was to occur, at this time Russia was less evolved than both Germany and France. The plan was, whilst Russia was busy rounding up their armies, Germany could surprise attack France and defeat them with Germany's full force, and then send their entire armies against Russia, and therefore destroy both of them. For the surprise attack to occur Germany would have to attack through Belgium. Unfortunately, there were hidden flaws and assumptio -
Winter of 1916-1917
The wWinter of 1916 was the coldest on record, over 20,000 anzacs were evacuated with exhaustion or frostbite. Corprol A.G Thomas wrote, "God, I cannot describe the horrors of last night. We just fell down and slept, rain and all, and shells falling all about us but we were to exauhsted to bother, we didn't mind if we were killed, it was terrible". This quote shows the extreameties of the winter. You coulnt get boiling tea 20 paces from the cookhouse without the edges freezing over. -
Battle of Frommelles
On this date the ANSAC's were ordered to attack the third line of German trenches. They set out into the open and in no time conquered both the first and the second trenches, but they discovered that there was no third trench. Whilst they were looking for the non-existent third trench, the Germans took back the first and second trench. The ANSAC's were left in the open, and were forced to five into bomb shells for shelter. There they stayed till nightfall, constantly being shot at by the deadly -
First Battle of Bullecourt
Village in Northern France, one of several villages to be heavily fortified and incorporated into the defences of the Hindenburg Line.
Attack launched on Bullecourt by 4th Australian and 62nd British Divisions.
Attack hastily planned and mounted, causing disaster.
Tanks supporting Australian infantry broke down or quickly destroyed.
Infantry managed to break German defences.
Two brigades of 4th Division that carried out attack, 4th and 12th, suffered over 3,000 casualties and 1,170 Australia -
Mount St Quentin
Aim- Mont St Quentin key area to German defence of the Somme line. Possess a valuable position.
Attack- 2nd Australian Division crosses Somme, 31 August, attacked at 5am, unexpected position from north-west. Difficult position, uphill fight for troops, very open ground, vulnerable to attack German-held height advantage. Battalions on the right made noise to distract Germans, left and centre battalions got foothold on hill and in Feuillaucourt. 7am, troops gained village, slope and summit of hill -
Battle of Villers-Breyonneux
Apart off German Spring Offensive on Western Front, German forces using infantry and tanks captured Villers-Bretonneux (near Amiens) from exhausted British defenders on 14 April 1918.
Australian 13th and 15th Brigades brought forward in a model of well p0lanned and co-ordinated night attack successfully recaptured the town -
Battle of Somme
First to incorporate all-armed co-ordinated attack using artillery, tanks infantry and aircraft.
Importance to Allies, major rail hub used to receive supplies for front line.
German army strengthened by tens of thousands of troops, moved from Eastern to Western front after Russia pulled out of war. Trained and battle-hardened men.
Ludendorff targeted British troops and push them into the English Channel. Believed that shock to French losing their ally would be so great that they’d surrender. -
Treaty of Versailles
Signed – 28 June 1919, shadow of Russian Revolution
Final signing ceremony- Hall of Mirrors
World War One had left Europe devastated. Those countries that had fought in it, had suffered casualties never experienced before:
Britain : 750,000 soldiers killed; 1,500,000 wounded
France : 1,400,000 soldiers killed; 2,500,000 wounded
Belgium : 50,000 soldiers killed
Italy : 600,000 soldiers killed
Russia : 1,700,000 soldiers killed
America : 116,000 soldiers killed
Those who had fought agains -
Sir John Monash
1884, aged 19, Monash joined newly formed University Company, D Company, 4th Battalion, Victorian Rifles.
Rose through the ranks, by 1913 was a soldier with knowledge of staff work, transport, supply, engineering and intelligence.
1914, First World War broke out, Monash was first under fire at Gallipoli only Australian brigade commander among original troops not killed or evacuated as wounded.
1918, Monash was in charge of entire Australian Corps, same year as King George V knighted him on ba
