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Four Causes of World War 1
*Nationalism- It is the devotion to the interest and culture of one nation. -
Four Causes of World War 1
website*Militarism- It's the development of armed forces and their use as tools of diplomacy. Germany and Britain compete to have the best military.
*Alliance system- It's a formal agreement or union between nations. In other words, "you got my back, I got yours." Nation's working together for mutual protection.
*Imperialism- It's the expanding or extending of economic and political control over weaker nations. It consists of new markets, cultural supiority, and desire for military strength. -
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Allies Verse Central Powers
The allies, or good guys, are France, Britain, and Russia. The central powers are Germany and Austria-Hungary. Italy was apart of it also for awhile, until they traded sides. The Ottoman Empire (Turkey) joined their side later on, which was when they changed their name to the central powers. The United States stayed neutral throughout most of the war even though they traded with the allies. -
The Fighting Begins
The war began on August 3, 1914, when Germany invaded Belgium. The Allies were unable to save Belgium since Germany went through it so quickly, so they retreated to Marne River in France. There they stopped the Germans from advancing any farther. This was when they built the trenches. Between both sides of the trenches was called no man's land, because you will be gunned down by the enemy since there is no place to hide. There would be a lot of death dealing with the trenches and no man's land. -
Trench Warfare
websitevideoDeath happened daily in the trenches. It was either caused by enemies or diseases. One third of the Allies total deaths happened in them. Rats infested the trenches. There were the black and brown rats, but the brown was more feared. They could grow to the size of a cat and they were known to crawl across the soldiers and bite them. Another problem was lice, which caused Trench Fever. It could take up to 12 weeks to recover from it. Life in the trenches overall sucked. Many people died. -
3 New Weapons
videoA few new weapons they had for World War I were machine guns, flamethrowers, observation balloons, and tanks and airplanes. These new weapons made fighting more deadly. Flamethrowers were mostly used in no man's land. They were often used to clear the front line of the opposing side's trenches. Machine guns let one man shoot many bullets very quickly. Airplanes allowed you to fly behind the enemy to see what they were doing. All of these things greatly helped them during the war. -
Lusitania
videoThe Lusitania was a British ship that was hit by a torpedo. The torpedo was sent from a German U-boat. There were 1,959 people aboard the ship at the time and 1,198 of those people died. Fourty-nine of those who died were children. The ship sank 18 minutes after being hit. It took rescue boats 4 hours to get there even though it was only about 15 miles from shore. The British and American people were both outraged. This would be one of the reasons the United States would eventually join WWI. -
Women's Roles
During World War I, women gained many more roles since their husband's would be fighting in the war. Some of their jobs beside taking care of the kids and the house included being a nurse, a factory worker, sewing bandages, selling war bonds, working in shipyards, being a spy, growing crops, and many many more things. Once the war started many women's roles were quite different from what they did before the war. -
Election of 1916
Woodrow Wilson won the election, because he said he would keep the United States out of war and he had during his first term by staying neutral. In second was Charles Hughes. He almost beat Wilson. The other two candidates were Allan Benson and James Hanly who were both far behind the other two in votes. -
Great Migration
The Great Migration was the large-scale movement of hundreds and thousands of southern African Americans to places in the north. The three most frequent places they went to were Chicago, New York, and Philadelphia. There were many reasons for this. One was that they could escape racial discrimination. Another reason was that there were more job opportunities in the north than there was in the south. -
Zimmermann Note
websiteThe Zimmermann Telegram was intercepted by the British and sent to the United States. It was from Germany to Mexico. It asked Mexico to go to war against the Allies. If they did, Germany promised to give them back the area that they had just lost from the United States. Wilson didn't publicize it at first because of his promise to keep them out of the war during his election. Around two months later he finally shared it with the people and asked to declare war, which Congress accepted. -
America Joins the Fight
videoBig events causing American to join WWI.
-On May 7, 1915, German U-boats fired torpedos at the Lucitania. There were 128 Americans aboard the ship.
-In January of 1917, Germany said they would destroy all ships heading to Britain.
-In February of 1917, the British gave the United States the Zimmermann Telegram they had intercepted from Germany to Mexico. It authorized Arthur Zimmermann to offer Mexico the area they had lost to the Americans back to them.
The US declared war not long after this. -
CPI
CPI stands for Committee on Public Information. Woodrow Wilson created it to help promote the war by influencing people's thoughts and actions to make war look good, and so that the Americans wouldn't be so angry about it. George Creel was the leader of this group. An example of this is the Four-Minute Men who spoke about everything related to war including draft, rationing, bond drives, and victory gardens to help convince the people. -
Selective Service Act
websiteThe Selective Service Act said that any man living in the United States between the ages of 18 and 25 is required to register with the Selective Service. It also says you are required to sign up within 30 days of your 18th birthday. They do accept late sign-ups but not after you have turned 26. If you do not sign-up by then you will be denied benefits and turned down when applying for a job. -
Espionage and Sedition Act
websiteThe Espionage Act was passed on June 15, 1917. It said that anyone who was convicted of interfering with military recruitment could get up to 20 years in prison, and have up to a $10,000 fine.
The Sedition Act was passed on May 16, 1918. It made it against the law for anyone to criticize the government or Constitution by speech or writing.
Between both of these laws, 1,500 people were arrested for disobeying them. Eventually, most were released, but 248 of those people were deported. -
British Blockade
The British blockaded the German coast to prevent any weapons from and military supplies from coming through. They also didn't allow food to get through either. The result of this was that the American ships refused to go through the blockade so Germany didn't get their supplies from them, and eventually famine stormed the country. Around 750,000 Germans died from starvation. -
WIB
websiteWIB stands for War Industries Board. This agency was created so that war supplies could be easily purchased. The companies were asked to use modern equipment to increase efficient working, and to eliminate the waste of products. Their motto was "either you work or you die." The leader of this group was Bernard M. Baruch. An example would be making 5 colors of typewriter ribbons instead of 150. -
14 points
websiteWoordrow Wilson was the man who wrote the 14 points. The main points of this document was to have no more secret treaties, countries must try to reduce their weapons and armed forces, national self-determination should allow people of the same nationality to govern themselves and one nationality should not have the power to govern another, and lastly, all of the countries should belong to the League of Nations. -
Armistice
websiteIt was an agreement between the Allies and Germany on November 11, 1918, to end the fighting of World War I. It marked a victory for the Allies and a complete defeat for the Germans. November 11, is now known as Armistice Day. -
Map
The countries that dissapeared were the Ottoman Empire, Russian Empire, Serbia, BBosnia, German Empire, Austria-Hungary, and Montenegro.
The countries that changed were Romania, Great Britain, Italy, Germany, Austria, Hungary, and France.
The countries that were created were Syria, Turkey, Iraq, Czechoslovakia, Lebanon, Iran, Cyprus, Hungary, Yugoslavia, and Austria. -
Final Statistics
*Final # of people killed during WWI.
United States:126,000
France:1,357,800
Britain:908,371
Russia:1,700,000
Italy:650,000
Germany:1,773,700
Austria-Hungary:1,200,000
Turkey:325,000
*Total Death for Allies:5,152,115
*Total Death for Central Powers:8,538,315
*Total Money Spent
United States:$22,625,253,000
France:$24,265,583,000
Britain:$35,334,012,000
Russia:$22,293,950,000
Italy:$12,413,998,000
Germany:$37,775,000,000
Austria-Hungary:$20,622,960,000
Turkey:$1,430,000,000 -
Big 4
websiteThe big 4 refers to the top leaders of the allies who met at the Paris Peace Conference. Woodrow Wilson was one of them. He was from the United States. David Lloyd George was another of the four, and he was from Britain. The third one was Vittorio Orlando from Italy. The last of the four was Georges Clemenceau from France. -
Schenck verse United States
Schenck was arrested for sending thousands of pamphlets to men who were drafted saying the government had no right to send American citizens to other countries to kill people. The courts final decision was that Schenck had violated the Espionage Act and that he would be sent to prison. -
Treaty of Versailles
The Treaty of Versailles was an agreement between the Allies, which is France, Britain, Russia and the United States. It was about what they wanted to do about the Central Powers, which is Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire. The treaty was made so that the Allies could decide and agree upon what was to be done with them. -
League of Nations
websiteThe League of Nations was to ensure that there would be no more wars. The United States never officially joined the League of Nations because Congress never had the Treaty of Versailles. The purpose of it was to provide a group for nations to discuss things such as problems.