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13 Amendment
Officially abolished slavery and involuntary servitude in the United States, except as punishment for a crime. It paved the way for further advancements in civil rights and equality for African Americans. -
15th Amendment
The federal and state governments are prohibited from denying a citizen the right to vote based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude. It aimed to ensure that African American men could participate in elections. -
Plessy v.Ferguson
The Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation under the "separate but equal" doctrine. This decision legitimized segregation laws and had a profound impact on American society for decades. -
Formation of the NAAACP
To fight for the civil rights of African Americans, aiming to eliminate racial discrimination and segregation. It played a crucial role in advocating for legal and social equality through activism, education, and litigation. -
Brown vs. Board of education of Topeka kansas
The Supreme Court declared state-sponsored segregation in public schools unconstitutional, overturning the separate but equal doctrine established . This landmark decision paved the way for desegregation and advanced the civil rights movement. -
Emmett till's Murder
A 14-year-old African American boy was brutally murdered in Mississippi after being accused of offending a white woman. The widespread outrage over his death and the subsequent acquittal of his murderers galvanized the civil rights movement. -
Rosa parks
Rosa refused to give up her seat on a bus in Montgomery, Alabama, to a white passenger, defying segregation laws. Her act of civil disobedience sparked the Montgomery bus boycott and became a pivotal moment in the civil rights movement. -
Little Rock nine
African American students faced intense resistance and violence while attempting to integrate Little Rock Central High School, a previously all-white institution -
Civil Rights act
It focused primarily on protecting voting rights, specifically by addressing discrimination and disenfranchisement that disproportionately affected Black Americans. -
Greensboro sit-in
It was a nonviolent protest against segregation at the F.W. Woolworth lunch counter in Greensboro, North Carolina. Four Black college students sat at the whites-only lunch counter, refusing to leave when denied service, and sparked a movement of student-led sit-ins across the South. -
Freedom rides
The Freedom Rides were a series of interstate bus trips by civil rights activists, both Black and white, to challenge segregation in bus terminals and public transportation facilities in the American South. They aimed to test the legality of segregation laws after the Supreme Court ruled against it. -
MLK's I have a dream speech
It was a powerful call for racial equality and an end to discrimination in the United States. He expressed a vision of a future where people would be judged by character rather than skin color. -
March from Selma to montgomery
It was a series of protests led by Martin Luther King Jr. and other civil rights leaders, aimed at drawing attention to the denial of voting rights to African Americans in Alabama and securing federal protection for voter registration. -
Assassination of Martin Luther king, jr
The murder of the prominent civil rights leader and Nobel Peace Prize laureate in Memphis, Tennessee. He was shot while standing on the balcony of the Lorraine Motel. James Earl Ray was convicted of the crime, though there have been ongoing debates about a possible conspiracy. -
14 Amendment
Grants citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the United States, including formerly enslaved people. It also prohibits states from denying any person within their jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.