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Expanding World Power
-In this time period, America changes their view from internal expansion and domestic issues to becoming a global force, both econmically and militarily -
Henry Cabot Lodge
-He strongly supported both imperialism and a stronger navy
-He was in charge of the Congressional Committee that was in charge of investigatators
-Was aganist joining the league of nations and felt the US would lose its freedom of action
-Imperialism- A policy of ex trading a country's power and influence through diplomacy and military force -
Alfred Thayer Mahan
-Mahan was commissioned in the us navy in 1859
-Mahan spent the next 2 deca making his careerin the sea services
-Published book 1160- 1783 which focused on advancing state power
-The sea bought immigrants to the shores of the new to the shores of the new nation served as a base for outward trade
-Mahan book expanding westwards assimilating half of the north america continent into its political union -
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Presidency of Stanford B Dole
-The US Navy use Hawaii as a gas station
-He helped overthrow the queen of Hawaii and shortly afterwards he had gotten elected president of Hawaii which led to annexation of Hawaii to the US
-He was born in Hawaii, and his family developed the pineapple company -
USS Maine
-In 1898, USS Maine was sent to Havana, to protect U.S interest during a Cuban revolt against Spain. Although the explosion remains unknown, the Hearst and Pulitzer newspaper blamed the spanish for sabotage - Yellow Journalism
-The sinking of Maine set off an fire storm making the people in the U.S -
Sinking of the USS Maine
-The Maine was sent to Cuba to protect American citizens while the Cuban revolutionaries were fighting Spain for independence
-The newspaper writers on blamed Spain for the explosion so there was a public uproar
-Many Americans saw this as a chance to seize other overseas possessions and begin building an American Empire -
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Spanish American War
-Was a conflict between the US and Spain
-The war was to Spanish colonial rule in the US and a chance for the US to be an empire
-It was in the Western Pacific and Latin America like the Philippines, Samoa, Guam, Wake Island, and Cuba
-Congress support a modernization program that would make American navy effective and strong -
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Theodore Roosevelt- Rough Riders
-Assistant secretary of the navy Theodore Roosevelt raised a volunteer force known as the "Rough Riders" acting with other army regiments. They defeated Spanish forces at San Juan Hill in Cuba -
Open Door Policy
-Purpose of the policy was to give all the nations equal right when trading with China
-The treaty would oppose any attempt by other nations to use the rebellion as an excuses to dismember china
-This policy was the United States attempt towards world power -
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Presidency of Theodore Roosevelt
-Roosevelt unexpectedly became the 26th president of the US after the assassination of McKinley
-Roosevelt "Square Deal" domestic program included a promise to battle large industrial combinations
-Foreign policy was to bring the US out of its isolationism and fill its responsibility as a world power
-After the death of Garret Hobart, Theodore became vice-president -
Roosevelt Corollary
-Convinced that all Latin American was vulnerable European attacks
-President Roosevelt dusted of the Monroe Doctrine and added his own country
-Monroe Doctrine blocked further expansion of Europe in the western hemisphere , Roosevelt corollary
-Was used to justify US throughout the hemisphere -
German Unrestricted Submarine Warfare
-Germany declared the area around the British Isles a war zone, which all ships would be attacked by the German navy. A string of attacks on merchant ships followed, culminating in the sinking of the Lusitania by a German U-boat
-The incident prompted U.S President Woodrow Wilson to send a note to the German government demanding an end to German attacks against unarmed merchant ships, and the German navy commanders, did not accept this degree of passivity, and continued -
The Sinking Of The Lusitanian
-Occurred during WW1 as Germany waged submarine warfare against the UK.
-Killed 1,198 people and about 300 American
-Contribute to the entry of the U.S in the war -
Sussex Pledge
-The Sussex Pledge was a promise made in 1916 during WW1 by Germany to the U.S prior to the latters entry into the war. Early in 1915 Germany had instituted a policy of unrestricted ships, but not passenger ships to be torpedoed without warning -
Zimmerman Telegram
-International diplomat communication issued from the Germans foreign office that proposed military alliance between Germany and Mexico in the event of the U.S entering WW1 against Germany
-Helped generate support for the U.S declaration war or Germany in April. -
Espionage Act
-This act was designed to crush subversion and silence critics of the war, for those convicted of aiding the enemy obstructing military recruitment protesting conscription or say or doing anything to impede the war effort
-The maximum fine was up to $10,000 and 20 years in federal prison -
Fourteen Point Plan
-The fourteen point plan ideas were distributed would wide by the government writing for George Creel in the American Committee on public information
-Millions of copies of booklets and pamphlets that explained Wilsons plans were distributed to allied nations and dropped from planes above Germany
-Allies agreed to accept the fourteen points as the basis for the country peace negotiations of Wilson would agree to two reservations -
American Expeditionary Force
-The commanding General was John J. Pershing
-The AEF's nickname was "doughboys'
-They had more than 500,000- 1,000,000 men, The AEF sustained about 320,000 casualties and 204,000 wounded during the war
-U.S divisions was deployed with French and British units to gain combat experience by defending relatively quit sectors of there lines. The AEF helped push the allied powers towards victory under the command of General John J. Pershing -
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Battle Of Aragonne Forest
-Also known as Maas-Argonne Offensive or the Meuse-Argonne Offensive
-One of the final allied offensives it stretched out along the Western Front and lasted 47 days
-The Meuse-Argonne Offensive was the largest in United States military history, involving 1.2 mil American soldiers
-Killed 26,277 American lives which made it the largest an bloodiest operation of WW1 the whole point was to weaken the German army to eventually put an end of the war -
Alvin York
-Was one of the most decorated soldiers of the us army in WW1
-Received in medal of honor for leading an attack on a German machine gun nest talking 35 machine guns and killing at least 28 Germans
-Was a hero and inspiration through the world -
Supreme Court
-Issue: The first Amendment violated when congress makes a law that punishes opinions against the war.
-Congress passed a law called the Espionage Act which said that during wartime obstructing the draft was crime
-The court ruled that there is limits to free speech. Free speech is not protected from falsely should "fire" in a crowded theater and causing panic. The first Amendment did not protect words that create a "clear and present danger' -
Treaty of Versailles
-The treaty's term was Germany to take the blame, Germany had to give up land France and 4 other countries, Germany had to pay for all the reparation and Germany army was limited to 10,000 men, and The League of nations was created
-The U.S saw this as an unfair punishment, so Woodrow Wilson prepared 14 points
-The U.S was offered to join the League, but turning it down because of the foreign affairs, so the U.S went into isolation until the stock market crash -
Supreme Court Of Schenck v. United States
-He distributed thousands of flyers to American servicemen recently drafted to fight in WW1, the flyers asserted that the draft amounted to "involuntary servitude" and that the war itself was motivated by capitalist greed, and urged draftees to petition for repeal of the draft.
-The court's ruling was Schenck got sent to jail for six months
-His speech created a clear and present danger of insubordination in wartime, and was a man who cries "fire!" in a crowded theater causing a panic -
League of Nations
-The treaty created the league of nations, an organization of nations pledged to defend each other aganist aggressors
-The US congress denied President Wilson's 14 points along with the league of nations
-The league was severely weaken when several major powers such as the US and Russia failed to join it