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Henry Cabot Lodge
-henry was a republican U.S. senator
-henry had a support of a strong navy which resulted in a relationship with teddy Roosevelt, later differed in domestic matters
-lodge was an advocate for American action on spain in 1898
-teddy Roosevelt and henry lodge wanted to introduce the U.S. to imperialism like the European countries -
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Presidency of Stanford B Dole
-the US navy use Hawaii as a gas station
-he helped overthrow the queen of Hawaii shortly afterwards he had gotten elected president of Hawaii which led to the annexation of Hawaii to the US
-he was born in Hawaii, and his family developed the pineapple company -
USS Maine
-In 1898, USS Maine was sent to Havana, to protect U.S. interest during a Cuban revolt against spain.
-although the explosion remains unknown, the hearst and pulitzer newspaper blamed the Spanish for sabotage
-the sinking of the maine set off a fire stom making the people protest in the U.S. -
Spanish american war
-Americas support of Cubans and Filipinos against Spanish rule
-the mysterious explosion of the USS Maine in Havana
-the cession of the Philippines involved a payment of 20$ millions from the U.S. to spain and it helped the U.S. become a world power
-the navy was being created as a large defense -
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Expanding world power
in this time period, America changes their view from internal expansion and domestic issues to becoming a global force, both economically and militarily -
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Theodore roosevelt- rough riders
-assistant secretary of the navy, he raised a volunteer force known as the "rough riders" acting with other army regiments. the defeated Spanish forces at san juan hill in cuba. -
open door policy
-purpose of the policy was to give all nations equal rights when trading with china
-the treaty would oppose any attemps by other nations to use the rebellion as an excuse to dismember china
-the policy was the us attempt towards world power -
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Presidnecy of Theodore Roosevelt
-Roosevelt unexpectedly became the 28th president of the us after the assassination of McKinley
-Roosevelt "square deal" domestic program included a promise to battle large industrial combinations
-foreign policy was to bring the US out of its isolation and fill its responsibility as a world power
-after the death of Garret Hobart, Theodore became vice-president -
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Panama Canal
-the panama canal took 10 years to build
-the price of the build was 403 million dollars
-the US helped free panama from Columbia to get access for the build -
Roosevelt Corollary
-was created by Theodore Roosevelt
-convinced that all of latin amerce was vulnerable to European attack
-president Roosevelt dusted of the Monroe doctrine and added his own corollary
-Monroe doctrine blocked further expansion of Europe in the western hemisphere, Roosevelt corollary
-was used to justify us intervention trough the hemisphere -
Dollar Diplomacy
-promote American foreign policy goals
-make America more money
-took place in Caribbean region
-U.S. bankers loaned money to latin American countries if they couldn't repay loans U.S. marines were sent to assure repayment by force -
American expeditionary force
-nicknamed AEF
-consisted of the united states armedfoces sent to Europe under the command of general john j.
-pershing in1917 to help fight world war 1
-a total number of 1.3m made it to france
-AEF fought in france alongside French and british allied forces in the last year of the war, against german forces
-the men in the army were nicknamed the dough boys because of the white belts they wore -
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WW1
-central powers consist of Austria-Hungary, Germany, Bulgaria, and the ottoman empire
-allied powers of Serbia, Russia, france, the united kingdom, Italy, Belgium, and the us.
-the cause of the war was the assassination of the archduke franz Ferdinand at Sarajevo on 28 june 1914 -
German unrestricted submarine warfare
-Germany declared the area around the British isles a war zone, which all ships would be attacked by the german navy. a string of attacks on merchant ships followed, culminating in the sinking of the Lusitania by a German U-boat
-the incident prompted U.S. president Woodrow Wilson to send a note to te german government demanding an end to german attacks against unarmed merchant ships, and the German navy commanders, did not accept this degree of passivity, and continued -
The sinking of the lusitanian
-occurred duing WWI as Germany waged submarine warfare against the UK
-killed 1198 people and about 300 americans
-contribute to the entry of the U.S. in the war -
Sussex pledge
-the Sussex pledge was a promie made in 1916 during ww1 by Germany to the U.S. prior to the latters entry to the war. early in 1915 Germany had instituted a policy of unrestricted ships but not passenger ships to be torpedoed without warning -
Zimmerman telegram
-international diplomat communication issued from the germans foreign office that proposed a military alliance between Germany and mexico in the event of the U.S. entering WWI against Germany
-helped generate support for the U.S. declaration of war or germay in april -
Fourteen point plan
-the fourteen point plan ideas were distributed world wide by the government writing George creel in the American committee on public information
-millions of copies of booklets and pamphlets that explained wilsons plans were distributed to allied nations and dropped from planes above Germany
-allies agreed to accept the fourteen points as a basis for the country peace negotiations if Wilson would agree to two reservations -
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Battle of Aragonne forest
-also known as Maas-Argonne offensive or the meuse-aronne offensive
-one of the final allied offensives it stretched out along the western front and lasted 47 days
-the meuse-Argonne offensive was the largest in the united states military history, involving 1.2 million American soldiers
-killed 26,277 American lives which made it the largest an bloodiest operation of ww1
-the whole point was to weaken the german army to eventually put an end to the war -
Alvin York
-he was said to kill over 20 German soldiers and captures an additional 132 at the head of a small detachment in the Argonne forest near the Meuse river in France
--the German commander had underestimated the size of the enemy squadron, surrender his garrison of some 90 men
-York was awarded the highest American military decoration, the congressional medal of honor -
Supreme court of schenk v. United States
-U.S. supreme court ruled March 3rd,1919
-schenck responded tht the espionage act violated the first amendment of the constitution which forbids congress from making any law abridging the freedom of speech.
-the court said free speech is not protected from falsely "shouting fire" in a crowded theater and causing panic -
Supreme Court
-issue: the first amendment violated when congress makes a law that punishes opinions against the war.
-congress passed a law called the espionage act which said that during wartime obstructing the draft was crime
-the court ruled that there is a limit to free speech. free speech is not protected from falsely shout "fire" in a crowded theater and causing panic. the first amendment did not protect words that create a "clear and present danger" -
Treaty of versailles
-the treaty's terms was Germany to take the blame, Germany had given land to France, and 4 other countries, Germany had to pay for all the reparations, and the german army was limited to 100,000 men
-the U.S. saw this treaty as unfair punishment, so Woodrow Wilson proposed 14 points.
-the U.S. was offered to join the league but turned it down because of foreign affairs, so the U.S. went into isolation until the stock market crash -
League of nations
-the treaty created the league of nations, an organization of nations pledged to defend each other against aggressors
-the US congress denied president Wilsons 14 points along with the league of nations
-the league was severely weakened when several major powers such as the US and Russia failed to join it