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America Expeditionary Force
-The AEF consisted of the U.S. Armed forces sent to Europe under the command of general John J. Pershing in 1917 to help fight ww1
-14,00 U.S. soldiers had arrived in France and the AEF had only a minor participation
-Nicknamed "dough boys" possibly because of the white belt they wore which they clean the pipe clay or dough
-Pershing believed in a combat and felt that 3 years of French warfare made allies too defensive. American forced to stop German advance -
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Henry Cabot Lodge
-He was served as U.S. senate
-He wanted a stronger navy and increase the U.S. empire
-Imperialism-policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force -
Alfred Thayer Mahan
-Mahan was commission in the U.S. navy in 1859
-Mahan spent the next two years making his career in the sea service
-Published book 1660-1783 which focused on advancing state power
-The sea brought immigrants to the shores of the new nation and served as a base for outward trade
-Mahan book expanding westwinds assimilating half of the north american continent into its political union -
Alvin York
-Was one of the most decorated soldier's of the U.S. army in ww1
-Received the medal of honor for leading an attack on a German machine gun nest taking 35 machione guns, killing at least 28 german soldiers -
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Sanford B. Dole
-Dole was a lawyer who led the provisional government while it worked out plans for the United States to annex the islands
-When president Cleveland refused to annex Hawaii because of the planters' actions in seizing power, Dole served as Hawaii's president
-After the outbreak of the Spanish-American war, congress then voted to annex Hawaii in 1898
-Dole served as governor of Hawaii from 1900 to 1903
-Dole pineapple company was named after him -
USS Maine
-In January 1898, Maine was sent to Cuba to protect U.S. interests during the Cuban war of independence
-February 15, the Maine exploded in Havana Harbor killing 266 men
-Leaded to the Spanish-American war
-Yellow Journalism swept the nation and its propaganda helped to precipitate military action by the U.S. -
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Theodore Roosevelt
-Roosevelt was elected gov of NY until 1900s, but came popular w/ republican party then elected vp under president Mckinley
-Sep 14 Theodore became the 26th president because president Mckinley was assassinated
-Established Pelican island, Fl as fed bird reserve and signs treaty w/ Panama for building of Panama Canal -
Spanish American War
-Americans support of Cubans and Filipinos against Spanish rule
-The mysterious explosion of the USS Maine in Havana
-The cession of the Philippines involve a payment of 20 million from the U.S. to Spain and it helped the U.S. become a world power
-The navy was being created as a large defense -
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Panama Canal
-President Roosevelt oversaw realization of a long term us goals trans-isthmian canal
-Through the 1800s, America and British leaders and businessmen wanted to ship goods quickly and cheaply between the Atlantic and Pacific coast
-International trade influenced the political situation in order to build the canal -
Roosevelt Collary
-Was an addition to Monroe Doctrine
-Said the U.S. had the right to exercise miliItary force in Latin America countries to keep Europeans out
-Led the U.S. into conflict with the Caribbean and Central America
-Was important part of American imperialism -
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Dollar Diplomacy
-Was to create stability and order abroad that would best promote America commercial
-To improve financial opportunities to use private capital further interest over sense
-Taft administration concentrated in assisting American businessmen in the protection and expansion of investment and trade especially in Latin America and far east -
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Weapons of Total War
-The use of unrestricted warfare was to have a major impact on ww1 as it was one of the main reasons why ASmerica joined the war
-Naval or water mines are self contained explosive devices placed in water to damage or destroy surface ships or submarines
-Land mines are self contained explosive devices concealed under the ground -
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Weapons of Total War Part 2
-Machine guns are fully automatic mounted or portable firearms, designed to fire bullets in a quick succession from an ammunition belt
-Developed for rapid firing
-One of the most deadliest and devastating
-Trench warfare is a method of fighting where opposing armies fought from and defended their territories using a system of dug out trenches
-To construct a thought out system that underwent constant revision
-Protected men from machine guns -
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Weapons of total war part 3
-Canned food could be transported
-Developed of perservation and helped feed millions of soldiers
-poison gas was used to injure and kill entrenched defenders -
Sinking of the Lusitania
-Occurred during the first world war, as Germany waged submarine warfare against the UK
-Killed 1,198
-Contributed to the American entry into ww1 -
Sussex Pledge
-Promise made in 1916 during WW1 by Germany to the U.S. prior to the later entry into the war
-The Sussex, a French cross channel passenger ferry was tarpedoed w/o warning -
Zimmerman Telegram
-Internal diplomat communication issued from the German foreign office that proposed a military alliance between Germany and Mexico in the event of the U.S. entering ww1 against Germany
-Helped generate support for the U.S. declaration of war on germany in April -
German Unrestricted Submaraine Warfare
-Was introduced in WW1 when Germany declared the area around the British isles in which all merchant ships including those from neutral countries would be attacked by the German navy which led to the U.S. into war
-Submarines sink vessels such as freighters and tankers w/o warning -
The Fourteen Point Plan
-President Woodrow Wilson was the author of the fourteen points
-It was a statement of principles for world peace negotiations in order to end ww1
-Europeans welcomed the plan but congress and Wilson's colleagues in France, Italy, and the United Kingdom rejected the plan
-He was awarded a Nobel Peace Prize in 1919 for his peace making efforts -
Espionage Act
-Law was extended on May 16, 1918 by the sedition of the Espionage Act of 1918
-Actually a set of amendments to the espionage act which prohibited many forms of speech -
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Battle of Aragonne Forest
-Major part of the final allied offensive of ww1
-Was fought from September 26, 1918 until the armistice of November 11, 1918
-Cost 28,000 Germans their lives and 26,277 Americans their lives -
Treaty of Versailles
-It was the peace treaties at the end of WW1
-It ended the state of war between Germany and the allied powers
-The surrender of German colonies as League of nations mandates but wasn't signed by the U.S.
-The provisions caused German expansion, economic downfall, and hyperinflation and vulnerability of the German people that eventually led to the election of Hitler and the fascist party -
League of Nations
-Intergovernmental organization as a result of the paris peace conference
-Purpose was to maintain world peace
-Lacked their own armed forces they depended on the great powers -
Supreme Court of Schenk V. U.S.
-U.S. Supreme court ruled on March 3, 1919
-Schenk responded that the Espienage Act violated the first amendment of the constitution which forbids congress from making any law abridging the freedom of speech
-"clear and present danger" test to determine when a state could constitutionally limit on individuals free speech under the first amendment