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Age of the Steamboat
-North river steamboat trade= rapid transportation.
-Transp= The wealthy would use it as a travel in rivers
- Environment= farmers grew crops along the river b/c it was easy to get them to markets near river forks and a rapids. *Marine Diesel Engine. -
Period: to
New Migration
-Irish= religious freedom economic condition.
-German= Religious background difficulties political differences
-Chinese= Need work Gold Rush.
-Most migrants lived mostly by the west coast -
Morse Code
-Samuel morse Invented the code
-it made communication faster sending messages from coast in mins
-it led to telephone fax machine and the internet
-built along RR track due to free land+heavy use by the RR company -
Period: to
William M Tweed
-They used dishonest politicians to gain control of N.Y city gov.
-Support neighborhoods of new immi. by giving them help & jobs.
-Immi. In return with votes how Boss Tweed wanted.
-Controlled democratic party in New York City -
Period: to
Cattle drive era
-Cattle drives started in Texas ended in the mid-west (Kansas-Nebraska) @ the RR lines more beef was needed in the East Coast due to the growing population in big cities like Chicago & New York new technology end the cattle drive it was called barbed wire. -
Homestead Act
-The U.S gov wanted hometeaders to move out the plains so that they could achieve manifest destiny
-PPL had to drive to own their land , the america dream native Americans had 3 choices . They could assimilate , relocate or die -
Chinese exclusionary act
-1 st & only major legislation to suspend immigration of a certain native Americans had 3 choices .They could assimilate , relocate or die -
1 st Transcontinental Railroad
-Railroad sped up the transport to industries which sped up the process of making good
-Affected settlement allowing easy transport west people looked for land ,cash crop, and new start
-Easy access to sell cattle for the cowboys\famers with crops
- Making Farmers feel threatened w/ railroads monopolies -
Nast Cartoon About Boston
- Boss Tweed suspect of stealing millions of $$ from the city of N.Y
- Nast used his character to help prosecute boss tweet from fraud -Before public outrage turned against him.
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Period: to
Rise Of Labor Unions
-Fought for wages+ safer working conditions stopped child labor gave health benefit+ provide aid to workers who where injured or retired actions.
-Unions rely to strike and boycott against Co. sometime the strike led to violence.
-1st time African Americans were desegregated allowed to join union. -
Standard Oil Company John d. Rockefeller
-Founded by John D. Rockefeller with associates.
-After making major progress with his company made his own transportation.
-Once retired invested in charitable endeavors becoming a respected philanthropist.
-Invested $300 million to help creat the university of Chicago -
Period: to
Gilded Age and westward Expansion
-The gilded age was an era of rapid economic growth especially in the North and West. american wages especially for skilled workers were much higher than Europe which attracted millions of immigrants.
-Railroads were the major industry, but the factory system mining and finance increased.
-Labor unions became important in industrial areas
-This time period is characterized by economic growth widespread poverty westward expansion and political corruption -
Bessemer Steel Process
-The removal of impurities from iron
-The Bessemer process rev. steel prod. decreasing cost
-Process made steel process stronger
-RR went further grew high due to strength low cost of steel -
Hay market riot
-Cost= low wages/ dangerous working conditions
-What happened= labor protest near Chicago Hay market square, rally turned into riot after someone threw a bomb at police.
-Result= Gov. Imposed death sentence on 7 men & 8 were sentenced to 15 years in prison 4 men were hanged. -
Andrew Carnegie
-The Carnegie argument about the Gospel of wealth is that rich people should be allowed to use their money to helpless fit people.
-Lie created Bessemer process steel making.
-His fortune on the steel industry the most extensive integrated. -
Hull House
-To provide higher civic and social life.
-Located in Chicago Illinois.
-Founded by Ellen G. Starr and Jane Addams.
-Both their leadership made women more politically influenced.
-Had more power among men. -
Pull Man Strike
-Causes= manufacture of railroad cars, cut the already low wages of its workers abt 25% but did not introduce corresponding reduction interest & other changes.
-Hppened= american railrode way union striking, small groups, 260,000 joined, refused to hitch cars, refused to handle Pullmans car.
-Result= federal injunction, strikes 7 violent. -
Angel IsIand
-San Francisco Bay , immigrants proc. 1mil Asian immigrant Chinese+Japanese immigrants
-Requirements many Chinese immigrants were forced to prove - - they had a husband or father+good health
-Many Chinese When they got there were sent to jail b/c his or she country was weak and poor -
Great Migration
-pull factors to north
-job opportunities
-voting was a right
-push factors from south
-violence of hate
-work to survive/no jobs
-migrating of new job opportunities , black moved north escape from oppressive conditions of the south like lynching , unfair legal system , inequality of education -
Americanization Day
-Created to bring together new+ old immigrants.
-Americans viewed immigrants as a threat to Americans way of life.
-Immigrants were worried they wouldnt be accepted as american citizens -
Ellis Island
-Some of the groups/nationalities that arrived were Southern European immigrants had to perform physical and mental exams to ensure there admittance doctor would check the immigrants for health problems -
Homestead Strike
-Frick sent 300 Pinkerton and met 10,000 strikers a gun fight broke out till the national guard came to stop.
-Carnegie wanted to break the union, frick began locking the workers out of the plant gov. supported monopolists.