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Industrialization
The large-scale introduction of manufacturing, advanced technical enterprises, and other productive economic activity into an area, society, country. -
Jacob Riis
He was a journalist and photographer working in New York City. Also wrote "How the Other Half Lives," which showed poverty and despair of immigrants in NYC's Lower East Side -
Besseemer steel production
It was a cheap and easy process for making steel -
Robber Barons (Captains of Industry)
This was what critics called these entrepreneurs, because of the ruthless tactics they used to destroy competition and to keep their workers wages' low. Also they forged the modern industrial economy. -
Tenement
a room or set of rooms forming a separate residence within a house or a block of apartments -
Political Machines
They provided jobs and other services to immigrants and poor exchange for their votes. -
Labor Unions
Knights of Labor: formed in 1869, hoped to create a single national union by joining together, all skilled and unskilled workers
American Federation or Labor: led by Samuel Gompers, was a national federation of different craft unions of skilled workers -
Period: to
the Gilded Age
Time period looks good on the outside, despite the corrupt politics & growing gap between rich and poor. Entrepreneurs were able to reap huge profits for themselves, creating immense wealth. -
Susan B. Anthony
She was a prominent refrormer, attempted to vote in Rochester, New York, on the grounds that she was a citizen and had the right under the Fourteenth Amendment. However, the judge still refused to grant her the right to vote, which follows up to 19th Amendment. -
Alexander Graham Bell
He was an educator of the deaf, and inventor of the telephone (allowed people to communicate across great distances -
Labor Strikes
GRS: employees of Baltimore & Ohio RR went on strike, because the company had cut workers' wages twice in a year. Strikers didn't let the trains run until recent pay cut was returned to the employees.
HS: 1892 steelworker strike by Pittsburgh against the CSC 10 workers were killed in a riot so was forced to end strike.
PS: Pullman cut wages but refused to lower rents in the "company town", Debs had ARU refuse to use Pullman cars, Debs thrown in jail after being sued, strike got nothing -
Settlement House
Was an all-purpose community center for the poor people living in crowded city neighborhoods, also provided child care, nursing services, and English lessons to immigrants. -
Haymarket Riot
It was the aftermath of the bombing that took place at a labor demonstration. -
Interstate Commerce Act
This act prohibited unfair practices by railroads, such as changing higher rates for shorter routes. -
Jane Addams
She created a settlement house for the poor people/immigrants living in slums. She once said the main purpose of the settlement house as being to "help the foreign-born conserve the value of their past life to bring them into contact with a better class of Americans." -
Sherman Anti-Trust Act
It was made to stop monopolies (a company or companies having complete control over the supply of product or service) engaging in unfair practices that prevented fair competition. -
Ida B. Wells
She was one of the main tactics used to terrorize African Americans, especially in the South. When three of Wells' male friends were lynched for crimes they did not commit, Wells organized a national anti-lynching crusade. Her research revealed that 728 African American men and women had been lynched in the previous decade. -
Initiative, Referendum, Recall
The purpose of these reforms was to end corruption and to make state government more directly accountable to the people. -
William Jennings Bryan
He was elected by the Democratic Party for President after he delivered a speech at the convention. Later he helped prosecute John Scopes at the "Monkey Trial". -
Andrew Carnegie
He was an industrialist, the owner of Carnegie Steel Corporation, and a major philanthropist. Also, was an ideal of a self-made man, rising from poverty to become one of the wealthiest individuals in America. -
Eugene V. Debs
He was the leader of the American Railway Union, he voted aid workers in the Pullman strike. He also was jailed for 6 months for disobeying a court order after the strike was over -
Klondike Gold Rush
a migration by an estimated 100,000 prospectors to the Klondike region of the Yukon in north-western Canada between 1896 and 1899. Gold was discovered there by local miners. When news reached Seattle and San Francisco the next year, it triggered a stampede. The Klondike Gold Rush ended in 1899 after gold was discovered in Nome, Alaska prompting an exodus from the Klondike -
Theodore Roosevelt
First, he was the leader of the "rough riders" and lead them to victory against the Spanish on San Juan Hill. Later, he became the 26th President of the United States. He was the first president to become a truly "popular" leader by using the media to appeal directly to the American people. -
Muckrakers
This what reporters, writers and social scientists who exposed the abuses of industrial society and government corruptions were called. But they were called this because they raked up the "muck" or dirt of American life. -
Populism & Progressivism
Populism is a belief in the power of regular people, and in their right to have control over their government rather than a small group of political insiders or a wealthy elite.
Progressivism is the term applied to a variety of responses to the economic and social problems rapid industrialization introduced to America. -
Upton Sinclar
Was known for being a Muckraker, because of his novel "The Jungle" (1906), which described the unsanitary practices of the meat-packing industry. -
Pure Food and Drug Act
regulated the preparation of foods and the sale of medicines. -
Dollar Diplomacy
This was used when President Taft encouraged bankers to invest in the countries of the Caribbean region. His use of American investment to promote American foreign policy goals. -
16th Amendment
The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on incomes, from whatever source derived, without appointment among several States, and without regard to any census or enumeration. -
Federal Reserve Act
This act reformed the banking industry by creating 12 regional Federal Reserve Banks to serve as "bankers's banks". Also further allowed the Federal Reserve to regulate the money in circulation by controlling the amount of money that banks could lend. -
17th Amendment
First specified that senators were elected by state legislatures, but was soon changed that the Senate of the United States shall be composed of two senators from each state, elected by people thereof, six years -
18th Amendment
Bans the manufacture, sale of transportation of any of any alcohol of in the United States.
Section II: The Congress and the several States shall have concurrent power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. -
Nativism
a policy of favoring native inhabitants as opposed to immigrants. -
19th Amendment
The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex -
Clarence Darrow
Tennessee had passed a law that banned the teaching of evolution. This law came to national attention in the Scopes "Monkey Trial." A teacher broke this law and Darrow defended him -
Teapot Dome Scandal
One of Harding's most serious weaknesses was that he appointed personal friends-- the Ohio Gang-- who turned out to be dishonest One Cabinet member, the Secretary of the Interior, leased oil-rich government lands at Teapot Dome, Wyoming, to two business friends in exchange for personal bribes. The scandal was uncovered right after Harding's death in 1923, was one of the worst scandals in U.S. history. -
Samuel Gompers
Led American Federation of Labor, his goals to winning economic improvements of workers, higher pay, and 8-hour work day, and better working conditions. -
Social Gospel
This called for social reforms-- including the abolition of child labor and safer working conditions.
