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The federal government had passed an act that designated the enitre Great Plains as one enormous reservation.
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The government changed its policy and created treaties that defined specific boundaries for each tribe.
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Chivington and his troops descended on the Cheyenne and Arapaho (about 200 warriors and 500 woman and children) camped at Sand Creek. The attack at dawn killed over 150 inhabitants, mostly woman and children.
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The warrior Crazy Horse ambushed Captain William J. Fetterman and his company at Lodge Trail Ridge. Over 80 soldiers were killed.
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Skirtmishes continued until the government agreed to close the Bozeman Trail. In return, the Treaty of Fort Laramie, in which the Sioux agreed to live on a reservation aloneg the Missouri River, was forced on the leaders of the Sioux.
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George A. Custer reported that the Black Hills had gold. This was the start of the gold rush.
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The U.S. Army responded by herding the people of friendly tribeds onto reservations while opening fire on all others. The army crushed resistance on the southern plains.
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When Colonel Custer and his troops reached the Little Bighorn River, the Native Americans were ready for them. Led by Crazy Horse, Gall, and Sitting Bull. The warriors outfalnked and crushed Custer;s troops. Within an hour, Custer and all of his men were beaten.
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Congress passed the Dawes Act aiming to "Americanize" the Natice Americans. The act broke up the reservations and gave some of the reservation land to individual Native American.
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The most significant blow tot ribal life on the plains was the destruicton of the buffalo.
