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England's first permanant colony in the New World.
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FIrst elected assembly in the New World. Still operates today as the Genreal Assembly.
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Although slaves were not used much at first, but by 1700, most labor needs were filled by the forcible importation of Africans.
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A document where the Puritans agreed to obey laws created for the general good. It was the first written framework of government established in the U.S.
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Also known as the Seven Years War, the French and Indian War was fought between French and Indians & the British and Amerian colonists. It was a war fought over land west of the Appalachians. The Americans and British won.
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Treaty that officially ended the French and Indian War. England gained land west of the Appalachians and in Canada from France.
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England prohibited colonists from settling west of the Appalachians because it cost a lot of money to protect colonists from Indian attacks there. This proclamation angered colonists that wanted to move there.
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This act placed a tax on legal documents.
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A mob of anti-British demonstrators formed, and the British troops fired into the mob. Five colonists died.
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England put restrictions on tea, then colonists boarded tea ships in Boston, dressed as 'Indians, and threw the tea in the water
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Convention of represntatives from all 13 colonies except for Georgia. They met in Philadelphia, and issued a statement of colonial rights.
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1st skirmish of the Revolutionary War. British troops attacked a colonial weapon stockpile in Massachusetts. The Minutemen assembled, and fighting errupted.
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This meeeting created the Continental Army, and George Washington was the general. They also issued the "Olive Branch Petition", which was the final peace offer towards England. England rejected it.
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Written by Thomas Jefferson, this document was issued by the Continental Congress. This officially seperated the colonies from England.
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The 13 states united into one country, The United States of America. It was intentionally weak, because political leaders feared a strong central goverment like that of England's.
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The time period during which the U.S. was under the Articles of Confederation. Lasted until 1788.
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French General Marquis de Layfayette developed a plan. The French navy blocked the exit of the Cheapeake Bay, and the Americans & French surrounded General Cornwallis. Cornwallis surrendered, leaidng to an American victory.
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Treaty that ended the Revolutionary War. England acknowledged America's independence. The United States' boundries were set at the Atlantic Ocean to Mississippi River.
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Established a plan for surveying the western lands.
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Debt-ridden farmers in Massachusetts rebel due to high taxes.
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This convention was called to settle commerce disputes among states. Only five states showed up, so they decided to hold another meeting to revise the Articles of Confederation.
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Held in Philadelphia, this convention was held to revise the Articles of Confederation. However, they ended up starting from scratch.
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Provided the process for the creation and admission of new states.
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This compromise created a a two-house Congress, with a Senate and a House of Representatives. The Senate allows each state to have two senators, and the House has represenation based on population.
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Slaves counted as 3/5ths of a person when determining a state's representation.
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George Washington was the first President of the United States. His term lasted for eight years, until 1797.
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This act set up the court system of the U.S.
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The first ten amendements to the Constitution that deal wiht rights and liberties. They were written by James Madison, and drew from two Virginia laws when creating it: the Virginia Declaration of Rights and the Virginia Statute of Religious Freedom.
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Invented by Eli Whitney, this invention made cotton-growing very proftiable.
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John Adams, Federalist, beat Thomas Jefferson, a Democratic-Republican, in the election of 1796. As President, he fought an undeclared war with France, and also passed the Alien and Sedition Acts.
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Attempted to lead a slave revolt in Richmond. It failed, and he and many of his men were hung.
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Jefferson was in office for eight years. In the election of 1800, he beat John Adams. This was important because it was the first time a peaceful transfer of power had occured from one party to another.
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John Marshall declared a law unconstitutional. This case established the power of judical review.
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Jefferson bought this land from France. This purchase doubled the size of the United States. It included land from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains.
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Caused by British interference with American ships and Britian's aid to Indians in the west. President Madison called for the war. The U.S. won (sort of), and they gained shared claim of the Oregon Territory.
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This case esablished the doctrine of implied powers. It showed that the Court could mediate between states and the federal government.
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This divided the LA Purchase at 36°31′. Anything north of the line was a free state, south of the line was a slave state. This also admitted Maine as a free state and Missouri as a slave state.
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Divided the Louisiana Purchase at 36, 30. Any state north of the line was a free state. Any state south of the line was a slave state.
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The court overturned a steamboat monopoly, confirming the federal government's power over commerce.
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By President Monroe, it warned Europe against future colonization in the Americas, and interfering in any independent country in the Western Hemisphere.
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It was a time when U.S. democracy expanded, and many more citizens became involved in the election process.
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He lost to John Adams in 1824 but won in 1828 becuase he appealed more to the common man. Jackson personified the Democratic spirit. He used the Spoils System, and challenged the economic elite.
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This was passed at Jackson's request. It forced Indians east of the Mississippi to move to Indian Territory (Oklahoma).
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Led a band of 80 slaves against four plantations in Southhampton, VA. He was caught and then hung.
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Texans fortified in an old mission house, and they all fought until their last man died.
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Battle where Texans won their independence from Mexico. This established the Republic of Texas.
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The U.S. admitted Texas as a state.
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The United States easily defeated Mexico. The war lasted two years. It was eneded with the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.
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Part of the Compromise of 1850. This act made it easier to catch runaway slaves. Many northerners refused to enforce this law.
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Indians were forced off their lands onto smaller and smaller reservations.
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Written by Harriet Beecher Stowe, this book portrayed the evils of slavery. It was widely read and increased Northern support for abolition.
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Court case in which slave Dred Scott sued for his freedom after being taken into free territory. The Supreme Court ruled that African Americans aren't citizens and Congress had no right to ban slavery.
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Main issue of the election was slavery. Abraham Lincoln won against John Breckinridge.
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First battle of the Civil War, taking place in South Carolina.
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This act gave a free 160 acre plots in the West. The only condition was that the settlers had to use the land for at least 5 years.
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Robert E. Lee went North and lost at Antietam, Maryland. The effect was that Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation afterwards.
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Freed slaves in the "rebelling" states. It gave the North a new war aim: to end slavery.
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In Mississippi, Grant won, and it cut the Confederacy in half.
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It was a three day battle. Lee had to retreat, and it was the turning point of the war.
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Short speech by Lincoln in which he dedicated the Gettysburg Cemetery. He declared that the United States was one nation, not seperate states.
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Robert E. Lee surrendered, and he urger Southerners to accept surrender and to unite as Americans.
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Reconstruction was the process of restoring the Southern states into the Union, and determining the position of African Americans.
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Lincoln was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth shortly after the end of the Civil War.
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This amendment abolished slavery.
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This act put the South under military protection.
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This amendemnt prohibited states from denying equal rights to any American.
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A union founded by Uriah Stevens.
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Immigrants that came from Northern and Western Europe: Germany, Great Britain, Ireland, Norway, and Sweden
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This amendment gave voting rights to African Americans.
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Immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe, and Asia, including countries such as: Italy, Poland, Yugoslavia, Russia, China and Japan.
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These laws established seperate facilities for whites and blacks.
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Election between Republican Rutherford B. Hayes and Democrat Samuel J. Tilden that had disputed election results. Hayes was elected.
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This act banned entry of almost all Chinese persons into the United States.
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A Knights of Labor protest in Chicago. A bomb went off near the police, and eight strikers were convicted.
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Founded by Samuel Gompers, it was a "craft union", which was only for skilled workers from muliple industries. Used collective bargaining.
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The goal of the Dawes Act was to Americanize Indians. It broke up reservations, and divided them into individual plots.
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This act prevented any business structure that restrained trade. It's goal was to outlaw monopolies, but it was not successful.
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Took place at the Carnegie Steel Plant. Plant manager Henry Frick called the Pinkerton Detective Agency, and there was a major gun battle.
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The founder was Eugene U. Debs. This union represented railroad workers. It was an Industrial Union, which had skilled and unskilled workers from one industry.
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A strike by Pullman railroad workers. It started a nationwide railroad boycott, and the federal government had to stop it.
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South Carolina decided that seperate but equal did not violate the 14th amendment.
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The United States got involved against Spain, and defeated the Phillipines and in Cuba.
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US annexed Puerto Rico, Guam and Philippines. Cuba became free.
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Chinese boxers tried to remove foreign influence but failed.
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By John Hay, it gave all nations equal trading rights in China, called for fair competition, and it's goal was to end competition with Europe.
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Early 20th Century movement that used the government to institute reforms to fix problems caused by industrialization.
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The United States asserted the right to intervene in Cuban affairs.
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Added to the Monroe Doctrine, it reminded Europe not to interfere, and said the US would use force to protect Latin America.
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Active leader in the women's suffrage movement.
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Period from 1910 to 1930 where many African Americans moved to cities.
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This amendment created the federal income tax.
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This amendment allowed voter to elect Senators, as opposed to state legislatures.
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Originally called The Great War, it was a war between the Allie (Britain, Russia, France) and the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary) that lasted four years.
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Canal that connects the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacfic Ocean, which the U.S. built.
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This act created the Federal Trade Commission, which investigates business practices.
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This act expanded the Sherman Anti-Trust Act. It outlawed price-fixing and exempted unions from the Sherman Act.
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The US, while originally remaining neutral, decided to join the war after three years. They sided with the Allied powers.
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Peace plan by President Wilson. It's goal was to eliminate the causes of the war.
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Peace treaty that ended WWI. Included the punishment of Germany, national boundaries redrawn and a League of Nations.
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This amendment was a result of the Prohibition movement. Eventually repelled, this amendement banned all alcohol.
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Explosion of black intellectual and cultural life.
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This amendment gave women the right to vote.
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John Scopes was tried for teaching the theory of evolution.
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Elected in 1928, believed in Rugged indiviudalism.
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Time of severe economic hardship in the U.S. from 1929 to 1941.
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Day the stock market crashed.
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Drought in the Great Plains.
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Elected in 1932. Promised a New Deal.
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FDR's program to deal with the Great Depression.
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Insures bank deposits; created during as part of the New Deal.
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Protected workers rigts to form unions and engage in collective bargaining.
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Largest New Deal program. This created safegaurds for workers.
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New union that started during the Great Depression.
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Set maximum work hours and minimum wages.
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Stalin and Hitler agree not to attack each other.
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WWII begin when Hitler invades Poland. Allied Powers (Great Britain, Russia, France, eventually the US) vs the Axis Powers (Germany, Italy, Japan in the Pacific)
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10 million men were drafted into the military due to the Selective Service Act.
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Hitler violated the nonagression pact and invaded the Soviet Union.
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Surprise attack by the Japanese on the United States' pacific fleet, stationed at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.
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Day after Pearl Harbor, we delcare war on Japan.
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The U.S. navy beat a larger Japanese force, effectively ending the threat to Hawaii.
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Victory in Europe Day; Allie from the West and the Soviets from the East overran Germany.
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German counteroffense, but the Allies soon recovered.
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Court case where the Supreme Court ruled that internment was allowed and constitutional.
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Rivalry and competition between the United States and The Soviet Union that started after WWII and continued until 1991.
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The Allied Powers landed in Germany-occupied Frace, led by future president Eisenhower. They faced heavy casualties but it was successful.
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Atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima by the United States. Completely wiped out the city.
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Germany was divided into East and West Germany, with the East becoming communist and the West becoming democratic.
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The second atomic bomb dropped of Japan. Dropped three days after Hiroshima.
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Trials in Nurembrug, Germany where Nazi officials were tried for war crimes.
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Massive US Financial aid package to help rebuild Europe's economy.
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The US flew in supplies after the Soviets blockaded West Berlin.
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North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Main goal was ato prevent a Soviet invasion of Western Europe.
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A divided Korea began. The communist North Korea invaded the South. Ended in a stalemate.
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Elected twice, dealt with many Cold War issues such as the Arms Race and the Hydrogen Bomb.
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Couple who gave atomic secrets to the Soviets. They were both electrocuted.
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Alliance between the Soviet Union and East European countries.
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The Space race began when the Soviets launched Sputnik into space.
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Francis Gary Powers was shot down while spying over the Soviet Union.
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President who dealt with many Cold War issues, such as the Space Race, the Cuban Missle Crisis, and the Bay of Pigs Invasion.
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Wall that split off East and West Berlin.
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Closest the world has ever been to nuclear war. The Soviets had missles in Cuba, and JFK demanded that they be removed.
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JFK was assassinated by Lee Harvey Oswald while he was in Texas.
