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Signed by President Andrew Jackson. Relocated the five civilized tribes (Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Seminole, Creek) west of the Mississippi River.
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The five civilized tribes were coerced into either relocation away from homelands or assimilation into Euro-American society. This relocation process lasted over a decade and thousands of Natives died along the way.
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Diné individuals were caught and forced to march hundreds of miles to Bosque Redondo where they would be imprisoned for years. Diné leaders negotiated Government out of further removal and they returned to homelands.
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Signed by Colorado Ute bands and decreased tribal lands from 56 million acres to 18 million acres.
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Allowed Diné to leave Bosque Redondo imprisonment and return to their homelands. Allowed US Officials to settle on and oversee Diné land. Navajo Reservation size reduced but through multitude of policies has become the largest Native reservation in the US.
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Began the Indian Boarding School era and enforced by Richard Henry Pratt with the "Kill the Indian, Save the Man" ideology.
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Redistributed Native land to individual Natives and allowed for white ownership of leftover land.
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US citizenship was granted to Natives born in the US.
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Stopped the former policy in place to eliminate Native reservations. Gave tribes more sovereignty and self-determination and protected their allotted reservations.
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Encouraged Natives to leave government sanctioned reservations and relocate to urban areas in hopes to assimilate Natives and break up their reservations.
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AIM occupies Alcatraz island to protest mistreatment of Natives and the theft of their land. Occupation lasted 18-months
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Protected the rights of Natives to exercise their traditional religions by ensuring access to sites, use and possession of sacred objects, and the freedom to worship through ceremonials and traditional rites. Excluded the ceremonial use of peyote.
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Includes the ceremonial use of peyote.