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George Washington, commander of the continental army, was unanimously voted into the first presidency and John Adams served as his vice president during the Revolutionary War.
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This act established a federal district court in each state and three circuit courts to hear appeals from the districts, with the Supreme Court having the final say.
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Federalists oppose it, Anti-Federalists support (U.S. was neutral)
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Rhode Island became the 13th state to ratify the U.S. Constitution, thereby becoming the last of the original founding colonies to enter the Union. In order for the Constitution to become the official governing document of the United States, nine of the 13 states needed to ratify it.
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Opposed by Jefferson. Hamilton was a federalist.
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Made by George Washington. Keeps America Neutral after France declares war on Britain, Spain, and Holland. This is an example of U.S. foreign policy.
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Creates massive increase of slaves in the south.
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This is an act that provided for the seizure and return of runaway slaves who escaped from one state into another or into a federal territory.
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A uprising of farmers and distillers in Western Pennsylvania in protest of a whiskey tax enacted by the federal government.
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An agreement in 1795 between Spain and the U.S. by which Spain recognized the 31st parallel as the southern boundary of the U.S. and permitted free navigation of the Mississippi to American ships.
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U.S. cheaply pays 12 Native American tribes for Ohio territory.
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John Adams was a federalist. Thomas Jefferson was a republican. John Adams won, but Thomas Jefferson became the vice president.
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The XYZ Affair was a moment within this larger span of events tying the domestic and international arenas together as the Federalists benefited politically from a French attempt to bribe American diplomats.
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Expands government power, limit dissent and weakening of government; ruled unconstitutional.
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The Kentucky Resolutions, authored by Jefferson, went further than Madison's Virginia Resolution and asserted that states had the power to nullify unconstitutional federal laws.
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Major religious reform reform movement; helps increase abolition
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Aaron Burr is vice president.
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move helps gain Southern support for Hamilton’s economics
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Judiciary Act/ Midnight Judges- Adams attempt to secure the Federalist party days before he is to leave office by appointing Federalists into office Westward Expansion and Strained Neutrality (1803-1811)
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Not known to Jefferson if it was constitutional to annex land, Congress approves purchase from France, doubles the size of the U.S.
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establishes judicial review
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Led an expedition to survey the land West of the Mississippi, known as Louisiana Territory, that had been purchased from France.
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placed by Jefferson on Britain/France; fails – hurts U.S. economy
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does this to resist westward movement of U.S.
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He wins.
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1812-1815
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Weapons were provided by Britain
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issues – impressments, blockades, economy, Native Americans
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New England's states threaten secession; Federalist Party is no more.
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The Treaty of Ghent was signed by British and American representatives at Ghent, Belgium, ending the War of 1812.
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Good relations with Britain begins (i.e. sharing of Oregon Territory) Nationalism, sectionalism, and economic expansion.
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(one party politics) begins in the U.S.
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He was reelected in 1820
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provides Northern escape for slaves
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construction begins (connects Great Lakes to Atlantic Ocean)
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Ruling confirms Congresses' right to found the 2nd Bank of the United States
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Spanish realized that they could not keep the United States from talking over the Florida territory so in 1819 Spain agreed to sell Florida to the United States.
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Sets dividing line between free and slaves states at 36'30'. Above the line was free. Below the line was slave.
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Austin's Colony was the first and largest Anglo-American settlement in Mexican Texas and was established by Stephen F. Austin in 1821
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establishes federal control of interstate commerce
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Claims western hemisphere closed to European intervention (first major U.S. foreign diplomacy)
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(50th anniversary of the Declaration of Independence)
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authorizes forcible westward relocation of Native Americans
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transcendentalism (individualism)
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After narrowly losing to John Quincy Adams in the contentious 1824 presidential election, Jackson returned four years later to win redemption, soundly defeating Adams and becoming the nation's seventh president,
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Giving government positions to friends or colleagues (Andrew Jackson)
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Transforms agriculture
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Cherokee tribes sent on forced removal to Oklahoma, 4,000 die on the way.
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U.S. destiny and duty to expand and conquer the west
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created by Frederick Douglas.
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North gets California as free states, ban a sale of slaves in D.C.
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Anti-slavery novel. Helped lay the groundwork for the civil war
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John Brown leads antislavery massacre at Pottawatomie Creek, fight over slavery in Kansas.
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Stephen Douglas wins Illinois Senate seat. Lincoln household name
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16th president; South Carolina secedes the Union= Civil War
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Confederates attack Union- war starts
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bloodiest battle of the Civil War
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Frees slaves in only Confederate states; foreign diplomacy!
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by John Wilkes Booth; Andrew Johnson now President Reconstruction (1865-1877)
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abolishes slavery
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Grants citizenship to all people born in U.S. (14th Amendment)
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Becomes the 49th state in 1959
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Grants protection of voting rights to black males
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Corruption in Grants administration and Republican Party
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Leads to 19th Amendment
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Bans Chinese immigration for 10 years
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Denies tribal rights, advances forced assimilation, opens lands to white
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Outlaws monopolies, price-fixing, other trade restraints
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Journalism that features unethical or unprofessional practices by news media organizations or individual journalists.
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ends the Spanish-American war
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voting rights of blacks challenged with literacy tests and poll taxes
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Teddy Roosevelt now 26th president
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writers who expose big business corruption
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Connects the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans (opens in 1914)
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established of income tax, 17th amendment-direct election of senators
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Americans killed on board
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on campaign of keeping U.S. neutral during war
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intercepted by British, asks for Germany/Mexico alliance against U.S.
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Outlaws purchase, sale, and transport of alcohol
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Exposes massive corruption in Harding Administration
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Popularizes debate over teaching evolution in schools. Outlawed.
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They were executed for murder; controversial because they were anarchists, politically motivated and unjustified.
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(WW2 vets) march on Washington demanding compensation. They were forced out.
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FDR claims Bank Holiday to fix banks.
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FDR creation of countless jobs, most productive of any president's 1st 100 days.
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AAA-Controls crop production, compensates farmers for cooperation
TVA- established to construct dams in Tennessee River to generate electricity
NIRA- sets nationwide business practices
NRA- manage industry recovery
PWA- employ jobless -
To employ public works
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Repealed the 18th amendment (prohibition)
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Supports union rights, protects collective bargaining
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Led by Adolf Hitler; begins World War 2
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motivate U.S. citizens to support war efforts.
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Provides U.S loan aid to Britain, USSR and Allied Powers.
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U.S. enters the war after this.
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Imprisonment of Japanese people in California
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Seen as the war's turning point for Allied victory.
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The Allies invade Normandy, France. The Largest land/sea invasion.
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51 founding nations
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Creates intense, prolonged standoff between superpowers, knows as the Cold War
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victory in Europe day
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U.S. intent to fight Communism by helping free nations resist it.
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The USSR blocks all aid into West Berlin; Berlin Airlift- U.S. drops food and supplies by air into West Berlin.
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Created in 1949. Alliance system of 26 countries in North America and Europe.
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Hurt when he accuses military of having communists. He was an alcoholic.
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overturns Plessy vs. Ferguson; says separate but equal is unconstitutional
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Temporarily divides Vietnam at 17th parallel
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JFK vs. Nixon (JFK wins); JFK in president 1960
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Sparks waves of civil rights protests; SCLC created by MLK, Jr.
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Dives East and West Berlin. East was communist.
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Launches "Great Society" program to end poverty and racism.
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Speech for civil rights.
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broadens LBJ's military powers in Vietnam. No declare war.
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Blamed whites for African American problems; assassinated
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First black justice of he supreme court
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Hurts civil rights movement
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Neil Armstrong first to walk on the moon
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7,000 page document outlining U.S. government plan in Vietnam; shows government was not telling truth to public.
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Greatest example of a political machine (NYC)
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North Vietnam overtakes South after departure
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Legalizes abortion (up to 3 months)
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Nuclear power accident causes concern of nuclear safety.
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They were released after 444 days in captivity.
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Crew was killed; the space program was never the same.
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This group was responsible for 9/11 terrorist attacks.
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Reagan feels it is the U.S's greatest accomplishment of the era.
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starts Operation Desert Storm
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Appoints Janet Reno first female attorney general.
