US History Review

By boy112233

  • George Washington Elected President

  • Judiciary Act of 1789

    Established the Supreme Court
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    The Early Republic (1789-1802)

  • French Revolution

    Federalists oppose it, Anti-Federalists support (U.S. Neutral)

  • Rhode Island becomes 9th state to officially ratify the Constitution

  • Alexander Hamilton creates Bank of the United States (opposed by Jefferson)

  • All states unanimously ratify the Bill of Rights

  • Proclamation of American Neutrality

    keeps America neutral after France declares war on Britain, Spain, and Holland (example of U.S. foreign policy)

  • Whiskey Rebellion

    1st time U.S. Government uses Federal troops to subdue domestic issues (Farmers did not like new excise taxes)

  • Treaty of Greenville

    U.S. cheaply pays 12 Native American tribes for Ohio territory

  • Pinckney Treaty

    Spain gives U.S. navigation rights on Mississippi River, New Orleans

  • John Adams (Federalist) defeats Thomas Jefferson (Republican) in first contested Presidential Election; John Adams (Federalist) defeats Thomas Jefferson (Republican) in first contested Presidential Election;

    Jefferson becomes Vice President

  • XYZ Affair

    French try to extort U.S. for diplomatic meetings – public wants war

  • Alien & Sedition Acts

    expands Gov’t power, limit dissent and weakening of Gov’t, ruled unconstitutional

  • Kentucky & Virginia Resolutions

    increase state rights over Federal rights, written by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison

  • 2nd Great Awakening

    major religious reform movement; helps increase abolition

  • Thomas Jefferson defeats John Adams (controversy); Aaron Burr is VP

  • Alexander Hamilton suggests U.S. capital moves to Washington, D.C.

  • John Marshall becomes first chief justice of the Supreme Court -Judiciary Act/Midnight Judges

  • Marbury vs. Madison establishes Judicial Review

  • Louisana Purchase

    not known to Jefferson if it was constitutional to annex land, Congress approves purchase from France, doubles the size of U.S.
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    Westward Expansion and Strained Neutrality (1803-1811)

  • Embargo Act

    placed by Jefferson on Britain/France; fails – hurts U.S. economy

  • James Madison elected President

  • Tecumseh establishes union of Native Americans to resist westward movement of U.S.

  • William Henry Harrison leads attack on Tecumseh at Battle of Tippecanoe

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    War of 1812 (1812-1815)

  • -Treat of Ghent ends War of 1812

  • Underground Railroad provides Northern escape for slaves

  • James Monroe elected 5th President

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    Nationalism, Sectionalism, and Economic Expansion (1816-1827)

  • Erie Canal– construction begins (connects Great Lakes to Atlantic Ocean)

  • McCulloch vs. Maryland – ruling confirms Congresses’ right to found the 2nd Bank of the United States

  • Spain cedes Florida to the U.S.

  • Missouri Compromise – sets dividing line between free and slaves states at latitude 36’30’

  • Stephen F. Austin establishes first U.S. Settlement in Texas

  • Monroe Doctrine– claims western hemisphere closed to European intervention

  • Gibbons vs. Ogden – establishes federal control of interstate commerce

  • Thomas Jefferson and John Adams die on same day

  • Andrew Jackson elected 7th President

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    Age of Jackson (1828-1849)

  • First Jim Crow Laws established (legal segregation)

  • Manifest Destiny – U.S. destiny and duty to expand and conquer the west

  • William Lloyd Garrison – wants immediate emancipation (he was white)

  • Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

    ends Mexican War, Mexico cedes Texas and all land north of the Rio Grande to U.S. (creates modern border of the U.S. with

  • Fugitive Slave Act

    illegal to help slaves escape
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    Antebellum Period (pre-civil war) (1850-1859)

  • Harriet Beecher Stowe publishes Uncle Tom’s Cabin

  • “Bleeding Kansas”

    John Brown leads antislavery massacre at Pottawatomie Creek, fight over slavery in Kansas

  • Dred Scott vs. Sanford

    ruling effectively nullifies Missouri Compromise, declares that slaves are property – cannot sue.

  • Lincoln-Douglas Debates

    Stephen Douglas wins Illinois Senate seat. Lincoln a household name

  • Abraham Lincoln elected 16th President;

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    The Civil War (1860-1865)

  • Confederate States formed , Jefferson Davis – 1st and only President

  • Fort Sumter

    confederates attack Union – war starts

  • Homestead Act

    160 acres to each farmer willing to cultivate land in West

  • Battle of Antietam

    bloodiest battle of the Civil War

  • Battle of Gettysburg

    turning point of Civil War; South never recovers

  • Emancipation Proclamation

    frees slaves in only Confederate states; foreign diplomacy!

  • Abraham Lincoln assassinated by John Wilkes Booth; Andrew Johnson now President

  • South establishes Black Codes– limits rights of freed blacks

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    Reconstruction (1865-1877)

  • Civil Rights Act of 1866

  • Tenure of Office Act– used to impeach Andrew Johnson (said he had violated it)

  • U.S. purchase Alaska from Russia

  • Transcontinental Railroad– connects the coasts of the United States; greatest transportation achievement

  • 15th Amendment – grants protection of voting rights to black males

  • William “Boss” Tweed – greatest example of a political machine

  • Alexander Graham Bell invents the telephone

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    The Gilded Age (1878-1900)

  • Susan B. Anthony – gets women’s suffrage vote to Congress

  • Thomas Edison creates the electric light

  • Booker T. Washington – gradual approach to equal rights – prove yourself W.E.B Dubois – changes in civil rights now; founds the NAACP

  • Chinese Exclusion Act – bans Chinese immigration for 10 years

  • John D. Rockefeller – Standard Oil Trust; Andrew Carnegie – Steel

  • Dawes Severalty Act – denies tribal rights, advances forced assimilation, opens lands to whites

  • President James Garfield assassinated

  • Open Door Policy – U.S. attempt to gain foothold in Chinese markets

  • Sherman Antitrust Act – outlaws monopolies, price-fixing, other trade restraints

  • President McKinley assassinated, Teddy Roosevelt now 26th President

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    Progressive Era – (1901-1914)

  • Roosevelt Corollary to Monroe Doctrine – increases U.S. presence in Latin America

  • Muckraker – writers who expose big business corruption

  • WW1

    bloodiest war in world history to date, aka “The Great War,” “The War to End All Wars”

  • 16th Amendment – establishment of income tax , 17th Amend.– direct election of senators

  • World War I begins in Europe

  • German U-Boat sinks British passenger liner Lusitania, Americans killed on board

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    U.S. Involvement in World War I (1915-1919)

  • Germany continues unrestricted submarine warfare – gets warning from U.S.

  • Selective Service Act – establishes the draft

  • 18th Amendment– outlaws purchase, sale, and transport of alcohol

  • 19th Amendment – women’s suffrage (right to vote)

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    The Roaring Twenties (1920-1929)

  • Dawes Plan – ease war reparations on Germany

  • Teapot Dome Scandal – exposes massive corruption in Harding Administration

  • Scopes Monkey Trial– popularizes debate over teaching evolution in schools – outlawed

  • Stock Market Crash– ‘Black Tuesday’ – launches Great Depression

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    Great Depression and New Deal (1930-1939)

  • Bonus Army (WWI vets) march on Washington demanding compensation

  • Franklin Delano Roosevelt elected President

  • Fireside Chats – FDR address public on radio – continues to 1944 – gives public hope

  • U.S. unemployment rate reaches 25%

  • shifts presidential inaugurations from March to January

  • FDR elected for unprecedented 3rd Term

  • Lend-Lease Act – provides U.S. loan aid to Britain, USSR & allied powers

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    World War II – (1940-1945)

  • Propaganda– motivate U.S. citizens to support war efforts

  • Interment of Japanese Americans– imprisonment of Japanese in California

  • United Nations created with 51 founding nations

  • Nuremberg Trials – prosecute Nazi war criminals Baby Boom, Economic Prosperity,

  • “Iron Curtain” – describes division of Communist Eastern Europe from Western Europe

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    The Cold War (1946-1960)

  • Harry Truman orders desegregation of military

  • Berlin Blockade – USSR blocks all aid into West Berlin; Berlin Airlift – U.S. drops food and supplies by air to West Berlin

  • Korean war begins ; U.S. aids South Korea against North Korea; Peace Treaty in 1953

  • Communist Fear in U.S. – Julius and Ethel Rosenberg executed for espionage;

  • Brown vs. Board of Education

  • Jonas Salk – creates polio vaccine

  • 1st televised Presidential debate – JFK vs. Nixon (JFK wins); JFK president 1960

  • Lunch Counter “Sit-Ins” spark waves of civil rights protest; SCLC created by MLK, Jr.

  • Bay of Pigs– failed invasion of Cuba by U.S.

  • Berlin Wall– divides East and West Berlin

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    Civil Rights, Nixon, and Vietnam (1961-1973)

  • Cuban Missile Crisis

  • Lee Harvey Oswald assassinates JFK in Dallas, TX

  • “I have a dream” speech given by MLK – speech for civil rights

  • Civil Rights Act of 1964 – bans discrimination in education, employment, & public places

  • James Earl Ray assassinated MLK, Jr. – hurts Civil Rights movement

  • Sirhan Sirhan assassinated Robert Kennedy, JFK’s brother; Richard Nixon voted President

  • Roe vs. Wade – legalizes abortion (up to 3 months)

  • U.S. Energy Crisis– fuel shortage in U.S. due to OPEC raising prices

  • U.S. withdraws from Vietnam; North Vietnam overtakes South after departure

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    1974 – Present

  • Jimmy Carter elected President

  • Camp David Accords – Carter negotiates peace between Egypt and Israel

  • Three Mile Island – nuclear power accident causes concern of nuclear safety

  • Ronald Reagan elected 40th President

  • Iran releases U.S. embassy hostages released after 444 days in captivity.

  • Strategic Defense Initiative (a.k.a. STAR WARS) – space based missile defense proposed

  • Space Shuttle Challenger explodes on takeoff, crew killed; space program never the same

  • U.S. bombs Libya for supporting Palestinians

  • Osama Bin Laden founds Islamist group Al Qaeda

  • Bill Clinton President; appoints Janet Reno first female attorney general

  • Hiram Revels– first black senator – Mississippi