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before the arrival of the european native population in north america developed in a wide variety of social political and economic structure based in part on interaction with the environment and each other
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the Columbian exchange refers to the flow of goods between the Americans Europe and Africa that followed Columbus's widely advertised "discovery" of the New World. people, animals plants, and diseases passed from continent to continents affecting virtually all aspects of the environment on all three
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this treaty was agreed upon by the spanish and the pertuguese to clear up confusion on newly claimed land in the new world. In order to make trade more efficient, portugal attempted to find a direct water route to the india and china by using a direct water route to the india and china. by using a direct water route, arab merchants were not able to make a profit off of the european trade merchants
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Under the encomienda system, conquistadors and other leaders received grants of a number of Indians, from whom they could exact "'tribute" in the form of gold or labor. The encomienderos were supposed to protect and christianized the indians granted to them, but they most often use the system to effectively enslave the indians and take their lands
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With tobacco, english settlers finally found a new world commodity that worked well in the mercantile system. Spanish explorer already had great success with gold and silver finds and the fench created a vibrant market for fur in europe
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when john white appointed by Sir Walter Raleigh as governor of Roanoke colony, returned to England for more supplies in late 1587, he left behind his wife, his daughter and his infant granddaughter, the first child born to English parent. upon white's return, he found no trace of his family or the other inhabitants of the abandoned colony. over the centuries to come, archaeologists and historians would delve into the mystery of the "Lost Colony" of Roanoke
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cause: population growth, unemplyment, thirst for profit and joint stock companies in britain inspired the virginia company to recieve a charter and settle in the new world.
People: captain john smith, king james 1
Effect: many settlers died due to hunger and dieases. captain john smith helped secure shaky relations with pocahontas but this corporation would not last. tobacco soon became a commodity for trade in virginia -
Causes: King louis XIV took interest in oversea colonies after years of war and tormoil. plus, he wanted to find money and power in the new world.
People: Samuel de champlain, Huron indian tirbes
Effects: Champlain and the colonists entered into friendly relations with hurons in order to gain profit from the fur trade . this alliance later proved fateful to the hurons after the french and indian war -
Causes: Lord de la Warr became a new governor of VA and started a war between virginians and powhatan indians over land. powhatans were angry over the spread of dieases and the seizures of the land.
people: lord de la warr, powhatan, john rolfe, pocahontas -
Causes: Jamestown growing plantation-based economy required labor and since native Americans were dying out and indentured servants only served for a short time, Virginians turned to African slaves to provide plantation work.
people: Virginians tobacco grower, Afircan slaves
Effects: Virginia began to rely on slaves to keep their economy successful. Millions of slaves would be sent out to the amercicans to work on plantations aainst their own will for centuries -
causes: the Virginia company allowed settlers to form an assembly where members (wealthy adult white males) could vote and discuss issues
People; Virginia company, Virginian men with land
effects: House of burgesses was one of the first examples of representative self-government in the English colonies. white males with property were able to vote on laws and have a voice politically, foreshadowing america's future democracy -
the pequot war was an armed conflict that look place between 1636 and 1638 in new englandbetween the pequot tribe and an alliance of the colonists of the massachusetts bay, Plymouth, and saybrook colonies and their allies from the narragansett and mohegan tribes
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causes: the French and English fought over war
People: George Washington, William Pitt Huron Indians, Iroquois, French, English
Effects: The defeat of the french virtually wiped out the huron indians and gave england more land in america. debt-stricked england ended salutary neglect and began enforcing navigation laws, the proclamation line, and taxes on the colonists, who began having revolutionary thoughts -
causes: The british ended salutary neglect and began imposing taxes on their colonies, including the stamp Act.
People: Parliament, sons and daughters of liberty, stamp act congress committee of correspondence
Effects: The sons of liberty tarred and feathered tax collectors, the daughters of liberty urged women to contribute to the patriots and committes of correspondence helped unite the colonies. britain ended up repealing the tax, a huge victory for rebellious colonists. -
causes: Bostonians protested the tax on the tea by dressing up as indians an dumping huge amount of british tea into boston harbor.
people: bostanians, charles townshend
Effects: through the corceieve (intolerable) Acts, the british closed down boston harbor until Bostanians pay them back for the lost tea.coloists saw the intolerable act as an abuse of power and turned many colonists onto patriots side of the stirring revolution. -
Causes: the continental congress met up to give formal reasons for the colonies declaration of independence from Britain, listing all of the king's abuses of their natural rights
People: Thomas Jefferson
Efect: it unted the patrioits together against the british -
Causes: the Massachusetts state government under the articles taxed and foreclosed the land of poor farmers to repay debt from the revolution, leading to the rebellion.
People: daniel shays, shaysites, george washington
effects: shays rebellion exposed the finiancial and political problems caused by the articles -
The war of 1812 was a conflict fought between the united states, The united kingdom and their respective allies. The immediate causes of the war of 1812 were a series of economic sanctions taken by the napoleonic wars and American outrage at the british practices of impressment, especially after the chesapeake incident of 1807
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these banking policies led to runs on state banks, bank closures, foreclosure and bankruptcies. the Panic of 1819 was the first important financial crisis in the united states and the terrible effectss of the panic resulted in the public loss of confidence in the financial structure
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transcendentalism is a philosoplical movement that developed in the late 1820s and 1830s in the eastern united states. it arose as a reaction to protest against the general state of intellectualism and spirituality at the time
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The seneca falls convention was the first women right convention. it advertised itself as a convention to discuss the social civil, and religious condition and rights of women.
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the American civil war was a war that was fought in the united state from 1861 to 1865 as a result of the long-standing controversy over slavery, war broke out in april 1861, when confederate forces attacked fort sumter in south carolina, shortly after U.S president licoln was inagurated.the nationalists of the union proclaimed loyalty to the U.S cconstitution
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The gilded age and the progressive era are time periods that played an important in the development of American society
The Gilded age is period of american history between the 1870 and 1900. -
Approved July 2, 1890, the Sherman anti-trust act was the first federal act that outlawed monopolistic business practices. the Sherman antitrust act of 1890 was the first measure passed by the U.S Congress to prohibit trusts.
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This period was the worst economic downturn in the history of the industrailized world. it began after the stock market crash of october 1929, which sent wall street into a panic and wiped out millions of investors
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The dust bowl was an horrible time in american history, most hstorians now believed much of the dust bowl could have been prevented.
in years leading up to the 1930s farmers had basically over-aerated the soil of the great plains
some of the causes of the dust bowl was high wing, over farming of soil and droughting. -
by 1932, one of the bleakest years of the great depression, atleast one quater of the american workforce was unemployed. when president FDR took office in 1933, he acted swiftly to try and stabilize the economy and provide jobs and reliefs to those who were suffering.
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The korean war was a war between north korea and south korea. the war began on 25 june 1950, when noth korea invaded soth korea following a series of clashes along the border
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Silent spring is an environmental science book by Rachel Carson the book was published on 27 september 1962 and it documented the adverse effects on the environment of the indiscriminate use of pesticle. the result was silent spring, which exposes the enviromnetal pollution to the Americans society
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March to Washington in full march to Washington for jobs and freedom, political demonstrations held in Washington D.C in 1963 by civil right leaders to protest racial discrimination and to show support for the major civil right legislation that was pending in congress
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The Kent state shooting were the shootings on May 4, 1970, of unarmed college students by members of the Ohio national guard at kent state university in Kent, Ohio during a mass protest against the bombing of Cambodia by unites state military forces.
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The berlin wall fell after nearly three decades as a barrier dividing the city. the division of germany and europe into east and west. the inability of east germany to retain its population except by force
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When the soviet union fell, it ended the tenure of a superpower with the resources of more than a dozen countries. fall of the soviet union was ethnic conflict, a lack of support for the idea of communism and economic troubles caused by a focus on arms. despite reforms efforts by Mikhail Gorbachev, the country was never able to reorganize and rebuild.
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on this day, 19 militant associated with Islamic extremist group Al-Qaeda hijacked four airplanes and carried out suicide attack against targets in the united states.
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The iraq war was a protracted armed conflict that began with 2001 unvasion pf iraq led by the united states. the invasion regime toppled the government of saddam Hussein. the invasion consisted of 21 days of major combat operations in which a combined force troops from the united sttaes, the united kingdom, australia and poland inavded iraq and depose the baathist government of saddam hussein
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On November 4, 2008 senator Barack Obama of Illinois was elected president of the united states over Senator John McCain of Arizona. obama became the 44th president of the united states, and the first African American to be elected president.
