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Industrial Revolution
major changes in agriculture, manufacturing, mining, transportation, and technology had a profound effect on the socioeconomic and cultural conditions of the times. most influencital anything ever! -
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French and Indian War
war between Great Britain and France fought in North America. erupted into the world-wide conflict known as the Seven Years' War. France ceded French Louisiana to Spain for Spain's loss to Britain of Florida. and confirming Britain's position as the dominant colonial power -
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Seven Years' War
military conflict involving most of the great powers cause- overlapping interests in colonial and trade empires -
Spinning Jenny
A machine for spinning with more than one spindle at a time, patented by James Hargreaves in 1770. It increased yarn production, and reduced the work amount greatly. -
Water Frame
The water frame is the name given to the spinning frame, when water power was used to drive it. Both are credited to Richard Arkwright who patented the technology in 1768. -
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Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette
ruled as King of France and Navarre Suspended and arrested during the French Revolution guilty of high treason executed by guillotine He is the only king of France ever to be executed. Marie Antoinette was an Archduchess of Austria and the Queen of France and of Navarre. was tried, convicted of treason, and executed by guillotine. -
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American Revoultion
A war between Britian and The United States. The US wanted their freedom from the British because they were not giving them a say in the government of the US. The US gained their independence. -
Watt's Engine
developed sporadically from 1763 to 1775 great step in the development of the steam engine. increase fuel efficency. proposed to be used in mines. powered by steam. -
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French Revolution
period of radical social and political upheaval in French and European history took place in france The absolute monarchy that had ruled France for centuries collapsed in three years. began in 1789 with the convocation of the Estates-General replaced by the Consulate under Napoleon Bonaparte. -
Storming of the Bastille
fall flashpoint of the French Revolution. angry people stormed the fortress in revolt after the storming king and his military commanders backed down. -
Declaration of the Rights of Man
was approved by the National Constituent Assembly of France. is a fundamental document of the French Revolution, defining the individual and collective rights of all the estates of the realm as universal. -
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Toussaint L'Ouverture
leader of the Haitian Revolution lieutenant, Jean-Jacques Dessalines forced to resign by forces sent by Napoleon Bonaparte to restore French authority in the colony -
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Haitian Revolution
conflict in the French colony of Saint-Domingue cause was elimination of slavery in Saint-Domingue and the founding of the Haitian republic. defining moment in the history of Africans in the New World. society continued to be deeply affected by the patterns established under French colonial rule. -
Whitney's Cotton Gin
removes seeds from cotton. used in south on plantaions. transfrormed southern agriculture and national economy. -
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Napolean
military and political leader during the French Revolution. staged a coup d'état and made himself First Consul later the French Senate proclaimed him emperor. under Napoleon France engaged in alot of conflicts After France was in a dominant position in continental Europe he maintained the French sphere of influence through alliances. -
Britain outlaws Slave Trade
Slave Trade Act of 1807 act abolished the slave trade in the British Empire did not abolish slavery abolishionists in Partliment worried about the sucessful rev in Hati -
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Mexican Independence
conflict between the people of Mexico and the Spanish colonial authorities which started on 16 September 1810. led by Mexican-born Spaniards, Mestizos and Amerindians who sought independence from Spain. -
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Congress of Vienna
congress of ambassadors of European states held in Vienna. Objective was to settle many issues arising from the French Revolutionary Wars, Napoleanic Wars, and the fall of the Holy Roman Empire. this happened because they redrew the continental boundries. became the model for the league of nations. -
Battle of Waterloo
Imperial French army under the command of Emperor Napoleon was defeated by combined armies of the 17th Coalition, an Anglo-Allied army -
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Brazilian Revolution
between Brazil and Portugal call for independence slaves in militias as well as freeing slaves to enlist them independence from Portugal -
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Greek Independence (war)
Actual idependence- march 25 1821 the Greek state was finally recognized under the London Protocol in 1830 independence from Ottoman Empire -
Dissolution of the Janissaries
Abolished by Sultan Mahmud II with the Auspicious Incident. Sultan said he was creating new army, the Janissaries mutiny, they were destroyed. -
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Afrikaners' Great Trek
migration away from British control in the Cape Colony The migrants descended from settlers from the Netherlands, northwest Germany and French Huguenots. primary motivations -discontent with the British rule -restrictive laws on slavery -indifference of British authorities to border conflicts along the eastern frontier. -
Invention of the Telegraph
the overland telegraph connected the west coast of the continent to the east coast by 24 October 1861, bringing an end to the Pony Express. -
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Frist Opium War
fought between the United Kingdom and the Qing Dynasty Chinese officials wanted to stop outflow of silver and to control the spread of opium. Lin Zexu wrote to queen to stop opium trade (fail) British won. treaty of Nanking (unequal) -5 treaty ports -brit get Hong Kong -brit most fav. nat/exterrtorial\ led to Taiping Reb. -pay a lot of money -
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Revolutions in Germany
seires of protests and rebellions in the German Confed. emphasised unhapiness with the traditional, largely autocratic political structure of 39 states that inherited the German territory of the (former)Holy Roman Emp. desire for increased polit. freedom, liberal state policies, democracy, and nationalism. conserv. aristocrats defeat, exile liberals. -
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Revolutions in Austria, Hungry, and Italy.
Habsburg Austrian Empire achieve autonomy, independence cause- mounting social and political tensions after the Congress of Vienna failed -Austria: demanded the resignation of Metternich (conser. leader) Ferdinaind I agrees. orders collapsed rapidly because of the weakness of the Austrian armies want to break away from empire -Hungry: news of the outbreak of revolution in Paris arrived as a new national cabinet took power War tween Austria and Hungary officially began -
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Taiping Rebellion
led by Christian convert Hong Xiuquan, against the ruling Qing Dynasty 20 million people died- one of the deadliest Civil conflicts Hong had revalations- Christianity Qing: Manchu - everyone else: Han People mad at Qing cause they were weak in the Opium wars and the treaties Hong estabished the Heavenly Kingdom Qing government won. -
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Matthew Perry in Japan
in command of the East India Squadron in search of a Japanese trade treaty. told japan what he wanted then said "think about it ill be back with like a billion ships for your answer" japan agreed -
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Crimean War
Eastern ques. tween Russian Emp and an alliance of the French,British,and Ottoman Empires. part of a long-running contest between the uropean powers for influence over territories of the Ottoman Emp! first "modern" wars: the first use of railways and telegraph Russia was protector of the Orthodox Christians in the Ottoman Empire instead of the French Russia thought Austria would side with them they did not sided with Britian and Russia withdrew. this led to ww1 -
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Second Opium War
the British Emp and the Second French Emp against the Qing Dynasty Britian and Russia and US won Convention of Peking Treaty of Tianjin led to the Self-Strengthening Movement, and several institutional reforms were initiated. -
Sepoy Rebellion
Sepoys were in the army and had to open these cartridges that were covered in animal fat and the Sepoys didnt like that so they rebeled. -
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Britain takes over India
After the Indian Rebellion of 1857 rule of the British East India Company was transferred to the Crown in the person of Queen Victoria who in 1877 was proclaimed Empress of India -
End of Atlantic Slave Trade
Officaily ended arounf 1860's Virginia frist anywhere to abolish slave trade (1778) Denmark first country to ban slave trade (1792/1803) Britain in 1807 royal navy enforced it US in 1794 (kinda) really in 1808 Brazil in 1831 -
Emancipation of the Russian Serfs
the first and most important of liberal reforms effected during the reign of Alexander II of Russia Emancipation Manifesto proclaimed the emancipation of serfs because Russia sucked in the Crimean War the govt was aware that they should change/wanted to develope. -
Meiji Restoration
Meiji Restored to power over the Tokugawa Shogunate being a feudal society to having a capitalist economy and left the Japanese with a lingering Western influence japan wanted to modernize and westernize -
Suez Canal
provides the shortest ocean link between the Mediterranean and the Indian Ocean. The canal eased commerce for trading nations and particularly helped European colonial powers to gain and govern their colonies. -
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Imperialization of Africa
Scramble for Africa European imperial powers engaged in a major territorial scramble and occupied most of the continent and created colonial territories Ethiopia/Liberia independent -
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Boxer Rebellion
in northern China a proto-nationalist movement by the "Righteous Harmony Society" or Boxers against opposing foreign imperialism and Christianity uprising took place in response to foreign "spheres of influence" in China with grievances ranging from opium traders political invasion economic manipulation ended with punishment for the boxers -
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Overthrow of the Qing Dynasty
motivated by anger at corruption in the Qing govt frustration with interventions of foreign powers the majority Han Chinese's resentment toward a government dominated by an ethnic minority; the Manchus. Republic of China formally replaced the Qing Dynasty -
African National congress
dedicated to the elimination of apartheid in Africa -
Panama Canal
joins the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean and is a key conduit for international maritime trade paid for by the French/US -
Aswan Dam
an embankment dam across the Nile River in Aswan, Egypt Before the dams were built, the Nile River flooded each year during late summer, Soviet Union provided funding for the dam project.