-
Industrial Revolution
1700's-1800's It was a time period where major changes in agriculture, manufacturing, mining, transportation, and technology had a profound effect on the socioeconomic and cultural conditions of the times. It began in the United Kingdom, then subsequently spread throughout Europe, North America, and eventually the world. -
Seven Years War
1756-1763 CE The Seven Years' War was a global military conflict , involving most of the great powers of the time affecting North and Central America, Europe, the West African coast, India and the Philippines.The war was driven by the antagonism between the British Empire and the Bourbons , resulting from overlapping interests in their colonial and trade empires, The war ended with the peace treaties of Paris and of Hubertusburg. -
Watt STeam Engine
1763-1775 CE The first type of steam engine to make use of steam at a pressure just above atmospheric to drive the piston helped by a partial vacuum. Improving on the design, the Watt steam engine, developed sporadically from, was the next great step in the development of the steam engine. Offering a dramatic increase in fuel efficiency, the new design replaced Newcomen engines in areas where coal was expensive, went on to be used in the place of most natural power sources. -
Invention of the Spinning Jenny
1764 The spinning jenny is a multi-spool spinning frame. It was invented by James Hargreaves in Stanhill, Oswaldtwistle near Blackburn, Lancashire in England. The device reduced the amount of work needed to produce yarn, with a worker able to work eight or more spools at once. This grew to 120 as technology advanced. -
Invention of Water Frame
1768 CE The water frame is the name given to the spinning frame, when water power is used to drive it. Both are credited to Richard Arkwright who patented the technology. It was based on an invention by Thomas Highs and the patent was later overturned. John Kay, a clock maker and mechanic who helped Highs build the spinning frame, sold the design to Arkwright. Arkwright, however, who made the system work, realising that account had to be taken of the fibre lengths in the batch being spun. -
Toussaint L'Ouverture
1791–1803 CE Was the leader of the Haitian Revolution. His military genius and political acumen led to the establishment of the independent black state of Haiti, transforming an entire society of slaves into a free, self-governing people.The success of the Haitian Revolution shook the institution of slavery throughout the New World. -
Whitney's Cotton Gin
1793 CE Was a key invention of the Industrial Revolution and shaped the economy of the antebellum South. Whitney's invention made short staple cotton into a profitable crop, which strengthened the economic foundation of slavery in the United States. It's a machine that quickly and easily separates the cotton fibers from the seeds, a job formerly performed by hand. The fibers are processed into cotton goods, and the seeds may be used to grow more cotton, to produce cottonseed oil, or not. -
Mexican Independence
1810-1812 CE Armed conflict between the people of Mexico and the Spanish colonial authorities, war resulted in first Mexican Empire that gains independence from Spain. Led by Miguel Hidalgo. -
Brazilian Independence
1821-1823 CE Series of political events involving disputes between Brazil and Portugal regarding call for independence presented by the Brazilian Kingdom. Independence War ended with independence of Brazil. -
Greek Independence
1821-1830 CE Successful war of independence waged by the Greek revolutionaries against the Ottoman Empire. War resulted in Greek victory through intervention of the Great Powers and establishment of the Kingdom of Greece. -
Dissolution of Janissaries
Janissaries had gained a self importance attitude and seeked better treatment. The Sultan Mahmad II created a new army under secracy, Janissaries executed or exiled -
Afrikaners Great Trek
1830-1840 CE Afrikaners were decendents of Dutch settlers. The eastward and north-eastward migration away from British control in the Cape Colony, Founded new colonies. -
End of Atlantic Slave Trade
1831 CE Countries slowly stopped being involved slave trade as industrialism grew. Brazil was the last to ban slave trade in 1831, illegal slave trade continued, slaves couldn't be traded, but slavery still existent. -
Opium Wars
1839–1842;1856–1860 CE The Opium Wars, divided into the First Opium War from 1839 to 1842 and the Second Opium War from 1856 to 1860, were the climax of disputes over trade and diplomatic relations between China under the Qing Dynasty and the British Empire. They were forced to accept humiliating terms of defeat, which included: 1. China was opened to foreign trade 2. There were areas in China which were solely under British rule, and laws. 3. Opium trade was legalised. -
Invention of Telegraph
1844 CE Invented by Samuel Morse, could transmit messages from one location to another over long distances, used in the stock exchanges and on the railway systems during Industrial Revolution. -
Revolutions in Austria, Germany, Hungary, and Italy
1848-1849 CE Democratic and nationalist revolutions across Europe, beginning with French Revolution. Demand for more liberalism and democracy, led by a coalition of middle classes and workers against the aristocracies. Revolutions in Germany, Austria, Italy, and Hungary failed. -
Taiping Rebellion
1850-1864 CE The Taiping Rebellion was a widespread civil war in southern China, led by heterodox Christian convert Hong Xiuquan, against the ruling Qing Dynasty. The Kingdom's Army controlled large parts of southern China, its height about 30 million people. Rebels attempted social reforms and the replacement of Confucianism, Buddhism and Chinese folk religion with a form of Christianity. The Qing government defeated the rebellion with the eventual aid of French and British forces. -
Crimean War
1853-1856 CE Conflict between the Russian and Ottoman Empires fought primarily in ht Crimean Peninsula. To prevent Russian expansion, Britain and France sent troops to support the Ottomans. -
Commodore Matthew Perry in Japan-CHECK
1854 CE US naval officer commander of the expedition of 1853 that reopened communication between Japan and the ouside world after 250 years isolation. Military superiority enabled him to negotiate the Treaty of Kanagawa 1854 giving the USA trading rights with Japan. This treaty opened up the ports of Shimoda and Hakodate to trade with the U.S. and guaranteed the safety of shipwrecked U.S. sailors and established a permanent U.S. consul in Japan . -
Sepoy Rebellion
1857 CE Began as a mutiny of sepoys of the British East India Company's army. soon erupted into other mutinies and civilian rebellions largely in the upper Gangetic plain and central India, with the major hostilities confined to present-day Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, northern Madhya Pradesh, and the Delhi region. The revolt of Indian soldiers against certain parctices that violated religious customs;also known as the Sepoy Mutiny. -
Britain takes over India
1858 CE After Sepoy Rebellion, power in India transferred to the Crown, establishing the British Raj and resulting in India being directly ruled by Britian. -
Suez Canal
April 1859-November 1869 It's an artificial sea-level waterway in Egypt, connecting the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea. It allows water transportation between Europe and Asia without navigation around Africa. The canal is owned and maintained by the Suez Canal Authority. Under international treaty, it may be used "in time of war as in time of peace, by every vessel of commerce or of war, without distinction of flag." -
Emancipation of the Russian Serfs
1861 CE First and most important of liberal reforms effected during the reign of Alexander II of Russia, serfs were granted the full rights of free citizens, gaining the rights to marry without having to gain consent, to own property and to own a business. -
Meiji Restoration
1868-1912 CE It was a chain of events that restored imperial rule to Japan in 1868. The Restoration led to enormous changes in Japan's political and social structure, and spanned both the late Edo period (often called Late Tokugawa shogunate) and the beginning of the Meiji period. -
Imperialization of Africa
1881-1914 CE Scramble for Africa. Process of invasion, attack, occupation, and annexation of African territory by European powers during the New Imperialism period. -
Boxer Rebellion
1889-1901 Ocurred in China; opposing foreign imperialism and Christianity. Took place because of "spheres of influence" in China, with grievances from opium traders, political invasion, economic manipulation, to missionary evangelism. There were several European nations, along with the U.S., that were forcing Opium, and other things, on China. The English grew opium in India through their East India Company and then sold to the chinese. Famine combined with the Western imperialism led to the BR. -
Overthrown of Qing Dynasty
1912 CE By early 20th century, mass civil disorder had begun and continuously grown in China. The Revolution of 1911 led by Sun Yat-sen broke out and overthrew the Qing Dynasty, eneding two thousand years of Chinese feudal monarchy. Later led to establishment of Republic of China. -
African National Congress
1912CE It has been South Africa's governing left-wing political party, supported by its tripartite alliance with the Congress of South African Trade Unions and the South African Communist Party, since the establishment of non-racial democracy. It has been the ruling party of post-apartheid South Africa on the national level since 1994. It gained support, and further increased its majority in 2004, with 69.7% of the votes. In 2009 its share of the vote reduced slightly, but it remained dominant. -
Panama Canal
1914 CE Ship canal that joins Atlantic and Pacific Ocean, cut across the isthmus of Panama. Huge impact on trade because shortened route and didn't require going around South America.