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Period: Mar 4, 1394 to Nov 13, 1460
henry the navigator
He was responsible for the early development of European exploration and maritime trade with other continents. -
Period: Oct 31, 1451 to May 20, 1506
columbus
he initiated the process of Spanish colonization which foreshadowed general European colonization of the "New World". -
Period: Jan 1, 1460 to Dec 24, 1524
de gama
was a Portuguese explorer, one of the most successful in the Age of Discovery and the commander of the first ships to sail directly from Europe to India. For a short time in 1524 he was Governor of Portuguese India under the title of Viceroy. -
Period: Jan 1, 1471 to Jun 26, 1541
pizarro
was a Spanish conquistador, conqueror of the Incan Empire, and founder of Lima, the modern-day capital of the Republic of Peru. -
Period: Jan 1, 1480 to Apr 27, 1521
magellan
It also completed the first circumnavigation of the Earth, although Magellan himself did not complete the entire voyage, being killed during the Battle of Mactan in the Philippines. -
Period: Feb 23, 1483 to Jan 5, 1531
babur
he invaded the Lodi Afghan Empire of South Asia and laid the basis for the Mughal Empire -
Period: Jan 1, 1485 to Dec 2, 1547
cortes
was a Spanish conquistador who led an expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec Empire and brought large portions of mainland Mexico under the rule of the King of Castile in the early 16th century. Cortés was part of the generation of Spanish colonizers that began the first phase of the Spanish colonization of the Americas -
Period: Jan 1, 1492 to
columbian exchange
was a dramatically widespread exchange of animals, plants, culture, human populations (including slaves), communicable diseases, and ideas between the Eastern and Western hemispheres (Old World and New World). It was one of the most significant events concerning ecology, agriculture, and culture in all of human history. -
Period: Jan 1, 1501 to
safavid empire
was one of the most significant ruling dynasties of Iran. They ruled one of the greatest Persian empires since the Muslim conquest of Persia[ -
Period: Jan 1, 1517 to
protestant reformation
the European Christian reform movement that established Protestantism as a constituent branch of contemporary Christianity. It was led by Martin Luther, John Calvin and other early Protestants. -
Period: Jan 1, 1526 to
mughal empire
was an imperial power in South Asia that ruled a large portion of the Indian subcontinent. It began in 1526, invaded and ruled most of India by the late 17th and early 18th centuries, and ended in the mid-19th century -
Period: Oct 6, 1552 to
matteo ricci
was an Italian Jesuit priest, and one of the founding figures of the Jesuit China Mission, as it existed in the 17th-18th centuries. -
Period: Feb 15, 1564 to
galileo
was an Italian physicist, mathematician, astronomer and philosopher who played a major role in the Scientific Revolution. His achievements include improvements to the telescope and consequent astronomical observations -
Period: to
scientific revolution
was a period when new ideas in physics, astronomy, biology, human anatomy, chemistry, and other sciences led to a rejection of doctrines that had prevailed starting in Ancient Greece and continuing through the Middle Ages, and laid the foundation of modern science -
Period: to
new world colonies
The colonial history of the United States covers the history from the start of European settlement and especially the history of the 13 colonies of Britain until they declared independence in 1776. -
Period: to
tokugawa shogunate
was a feudal regime of Japan established by Tokugawa Ieyasu and ruled by the shoguns of the Tokugawa fam -
Period: to
triangle trade
Triangular trade, or triangle trade, is a historical term indicating trade among three ports or regions. Triangular trade usually evolves when a region has export commodities that are not required in the region from which its major imports come. Triangular trade thus provides a method for rectifying trade imbalances between the above regions. -
Period: to
thirty years war
was one of the most destructive conflicts in European history. The war was fought primarily in what is now Germany, and at various points involved most of the countries of Europe. Naval warfare also reached overseas and shaped the colonial formation of future nations. -
Period: to
louis XVl and marie antoinette
king and queen of france before and during french revolution -
Period: to
qing dynasty
also known as the Manchu Dynasty, was the last ruling dynasty of China, ruling from 1644 to 1912 -
Period: to
peter the great
He carried out a policy of modernization and expansion that transformed the Tsardom of Russia into a 3-billion acre Russian Empire, a major European power -
Period: to
enlightenment
is the era in Western philosophy, intellectual, scientific and cultural life, centered upon the 18th century, in which reason was advocated as the primary source for legitimacy and authority. It is also known as the Age of Reason. -
Period: to
french and indian war
is the common U.S. name for the war between Great Britain and France in North America from 1754 to 1763. -
Period: to
catherine the great
Under her direct auspices the Russian Empire expanded, improved its administration, and continued to modernize along Western European lines. Catherine's rule re-vitalized Russia, which grew stronger than ever and became recognized as one of the great powers of Europe. She had successes in foreign policy and oversaw sometimes brutal reprisals in the wake of rebellion -
Period: to
american revolution
a war between the Kingdom of Great Britain and thirteen British colonies in North America -
storming of the basille
The medieval fortress and prison in Paris known as the Bastille represented royal authority in the centre of Paris. While the prison only contained seven inmates at the time of its storming, its fall was the flashpoint of the French Revolution. -
declaration of the rights of man
is a fundamental document of the French Revolution, defining the individual and collective rights of all the estates of the realm as universal. Influenced by the doctrine of natural right, the rights of man are universal: valid at all times and in every place, pertaining to human nature itself. Although it establishes fundamental rights for French citizens and "all the members of the social Body", it addresses neither the status of women nor slavery; despite that, it is a precursor document -
Period: to
haitian revolution
was a period of conflict in the French colony of Saint-Domingue, which culminated in the elimination of slavery there and the founding of the Haitian republic -
Period: to
napoleon
he staged a coup d'état and installed himself as First Consul; five years later the French Senate proclaimed him emperor. In the first decade of the 19th century, the French Empire under Napoleon engaged in a series of conflicts—the Napoleonic Wars—involving every major European power. After a streak of victories, France secured a dominant position in continental Europe, and Napoleon maintained the French sphere of influence through the formation of extensive alliances and the appointment of fri -
Period: to
congress of vienna
was a conference of ambassadors of European states chaired by Klemens Wenzel von Metternich, and held in Vienna from September, 1814 to June, 1815. The objective of the Congress was to settle the many issues arising from the French Revolutionary War and the Napoleonic Wars -
battle of waterloo
An Imperial French army under the command of Emperor Napoleon was defeated by combined armies of the Seventh Coalition, an Anglo-Allied army under the command of the Duke of Wellington combined with a Prussian army under the command of Gebhard von Blücher. It was the culminating battle of the Waterloo Campaign and Napoleon's last.