Unit 2 Civil Rights in America

By jonathan_b

  • Sharecropping/Tenant Farming

    Sharecropping is where you share a portion of harvest with a land owner.

  • 13th Amendment

    The 13th Amendment states that "Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction."

  • Black Codes

    Black Codes were local laws that intended to control the Southern lives of black people. This includes things like making eye contact and stepping out of the way when a white person is on the street.

  • 14th Amendment

    The 14th Amendment states that "No State shall make or enforce any law which denies to any petson within its Jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws."

  • Fifteenth Amendment

    The fifteenth amendment states that: "right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude." This basically gives black people the freedom to vote.

  • Jim Crow Laws

    Jim Crow Laws were made to separate African Americans from the Anglo population. This includes making water fountains and places restricted to a specific color and the refusual to serve blacks in specific public places.

  • Lynching

    Lynching is a punishment that was the craze back when punishing Black people was very loose. They were hanged from a tree and it was commonly used to intimidate the minority group.

  • Plessy v. Ferguson

    U.S. Supreme Court ruled that states can constitutionally enact legislation (laws) requiring persons of different races to use “separate but equal” segregated facilities (A man got in trouble for sitting in a white man’s car. Even though he was partly white, he was declared black. The supreme court made a ruling for a separate but equal. The supreme court ruled in favor of Ferguson. The plaintiff was Homer Plessy, the Defendant was Ferguson, it was started 1896.)

  • Thurgood Marshall

    Thurgood Marshall is a distinguished lawyer. He argued and won the Brown v. Board of Education and was the first African American in the Supreme Court Justice. He worked for the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People and established a record for supporting the voiceless Americans.

  • Orville Faubus

    Orville Faubus is the Governor of Arkansas. He is well work desegregation of Little Rock High School where he ordered Arkansas National Guard to stop African American Students from entering the school.

  • Rosa Parks

    Rosa Parks heard about Claudette and her refusing to give up her seat. While working for the NAACP, she was inspired by it and replicated the same thing with Martin Luther King Jr.. It later began the Montgomery Bus Boycott.

  • Hector P. Garcia

    Hector Garcia was a Mexican-American civil rights advocate and is the founder of the American G.I. Forum.

  • Lester Maddox

    Lester Madox is the Governor of Georgia, he began as a restaurant owner that refused to serve blacks and later ran for governor. He was at first a segregationist, but later oversaw many changes and improvements to Black employment rights as governor.

  • 19th Amendment

    The nineteenth amendment basically states that the rights to vote in the US will not be denied regardless of sex.

  • George Wallace

    George Wallace was the Governor of Alabama. He ran for U.S. President 4 times. He is a pro-segregationist.

  • Betty Friedan

    Betty Friedan was a large key in the women's movement in the United States. She was a feminist, writer, and activist.

  • Cesar Chavez

    Cesar Chavez was a hard working American and civil rights activist. He and Dolores Huerta founded the National Farm Workers Association.

  • Martin Luther King Jr.

    Martin Luther King Jr. is the Leader of the Civil Rights Movement. He advocated nonviolent civil disobedience and demanded equal rights for Blacks including desegregation in all public facilities and life. He was a preacher and was arrested for protesting. He was later assassinated in 1986.

  • Civil Disobedience

    Civil disobedience is the active, professed refusal to obey certain laws, demands, and commands of a government, or of an occupying international power. This was a thing since March 12, 1930 with Ghandi.

  • Twentieth Amendment

    The twentieth amendment states that set the date for election office and states that who gets to be president if the original president bites the dust.

  • Federal Housing Administration

    The Federal Housing Administration provides mortage insurance on loans from Federal Housing Administration accepted lenders in the United States.

  • Nonviolent Protest

    Nonviolent protests include things like sit-ins and marches that are done by groups like SCLC and NAACP.

  • Brown v. The Board of Education

    Schools could be segregated as long as they were equal. Since they weren’t, this dispute took place. It was the states’s responsibility for the schools. The US Supreme Court Justice Earl Warren delivered unanimous ruling saying the state segregating public schools was violation of the 14th Amendment.
    Argued by Thurgood Marshall
    U.S. Supreme Court ruled that “racially segregated schools are inherently unequal.”
    Made states bring an end to state supported segregation of public facilities.

  • Montgomery Bus Boycott

    The Montgomery Bus Boycott was from December 1955 to 1956. It all started with Claudette and Rosa Parks decided to collaborate with MLK to start a boycott to stop segregated buses. They were later unconstitutional.

  • Civil Rights Act of 1957

    This bill was passed to establish a commission on civil rights with the powers to investigate. This didn't, unfortinately, guarantee a ballot for black people.

  • Desegregation

    Desegregation is the act of seperating ethnic or racial groups. This was a huge key to Civil Rights protest.

  • Sit-ins

    Where people would sit at segregated places and refuse to leave until the store closed.

  • Affirmative Action

    Affirmative Action is what increases the representation of women and minorities in schools or work which they had once been apart of.

  • Twenty-Fourth Amendment

    The twenty-fourth amendment states that the government isn't allowed to make voters to pay a poll tax before voting.

  • Civil Rights Act of 1964

    The Civil Rights Act of 1964 outlawed segregation in public areas, granted power to fight black disfranchisement back, and created EEOC to prevent workplace discrimination.

  • Veteran Rights At of 1965

    Veteran Rights Act of 1965 was made so workplaces can prevent unfair discrimination.

  • Upward Bound

    Upward Bound is a national program that doubles the chances of low-income and first-generation students that graduated from colleges to they may avoid poverty and enjoy the sailing of middle class.

  • Federal Housing Authority

    The Head Start Program is a United States Department of Health/Human Services runned program which helps low-income families with education for their children.

  • Twenty-Sixth Amendment

    The twenty-sixth amendment states that the US Constitution shall not let the states and federal government from using the age of a person as the reason for denying the right to vote. People interested in voting have to be at least eightteen years old.

  • Title IX

    Title IX prohibits being discriminate because of sex in any funded education programs.