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14th Amendment
granted citizenship to “all persons born or naturalized in the United States,” which included former slaves recently freed. it also forbids states from denying any person "life, liberty or property, without due process of law" or to "deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. -
15th amendment
granted African American men the right to vote by declaring that the "right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude." -
Eleanor Roosevelt
Anna Eleanor Roosevelt was the longest-serving First Lady of the United States, holding the post from 1933 to 1945 during her husband Franklin D. Roosevelt's four terms in office. -
Plessy v. Ferguson
A landmark United States Supreme Court decision in the jurisprudence of the United States, upholding the constitutionality of state laws requiring racial segregation in public facilities under the doctrine of "separate but equal." -
Thurgood Marshall
Thurgood Marshall was an Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court, serving from October 1967 until October 1991. Marshall was the Court's 96th justice and its first African-American justice. -
Lyndon Baines Johnson
was the 36th President of the United States, a position he assumed after his service as the 37th Vice President of the United States. -
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) is an African-American civil rights organization in the United States, formed in 1909. Its mission is to ensure the political, educational, social, and economic equality of rights of all persons and to eliminate racial hatred and racial discrimination. -
Orval Faubus
Orval Eugene Faubus was the 36th Governor of Arkansas, serving from 1955 to 1967. He is best known for his 1957 stand against the desegregation of the Little Rock School District -
Rosa Parks
Rosa Louise McCauley Parks was an African-American civil rights activist, whom the U.S. Congress called "the first lady of civil rights" and "the mother of the freedom movement". -
Hector P. Garcia
George Corley Wallace Jr. was an American politician and the 45th governor of Alabama, having served two nonconsecutive terms and two consecutive terms -
19th amendment
guarantees all American women the right to vote -
George Wallace
George Corley Wallace Jr. was an American politician and the 45th governor of Alabama, having served two nonconsecutive terms and two consecutive terms -
Betty Friedan ( The Feminine Mystique)
Betty Friedan was an American writer, activist, and feminist. -
Cesar Chavez
Cesar Chavez was an American farm worker, labor leader and civil rights activist, who co-founded the National Farm Workers Association -
Martin Luther King Jr.
Martin Luther King, Jr. was an American clergyman, activist, and leader in the African-American Civil Rights Movement. He is best known for his role in the advancement of civil rights using nonviolent civil disobedience. -
League of United Latin American Citizens (LULAC)
was created to combat the discrimination that Hispanics face in the United States. Established February 17, 1929 in Corpus Christi, Texas, LULAC was a consolidation of smaller, like-minded civil rights groups already in existence. -
Dolores Huerta
Dolores Clara Fernandez Huerta is a labor leader and civil rights activist who, along with César Chávez, co-founded the National Farmworkers Association, which later became the United Farm Workers. -
Federal Housing Authority
is a United States government agency created as part of the National Housing Act of 1934. It insured loans made by banks and other private lenders for home building and home buying. -
Social Security
government retirement program -
Barbara Jordan
Barbara Charline Jordan was an American politician and a leader of the Civil Rights movement. -
Mendez v. Westminister
School segregation was going against the constitution. won challenged racial segregation in orange county, california -
Delgado v. Bastrop ISD
Ruling: Does a public school district that maintains separate schools for Anglo and Mexican-American students in the absence of a state law requiring such violate the equal protection of the law clause of the U.S. Constitution’s Fourteenth Amendment?
Impact: District Judge Ben Rice agreed that segregation of Mexican American students was not authorized by Texas law and violated the equal protection of the law clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. -
Sweat v. Painter
A U.S. Supreme Court case that successfully challenged the "separate but equal" doctrine of racial segregation established by the 1896 case Plessy v. Ferguson. -
Hernandez v. Texas
The supreme court fruled that mexican americans were due equal protection under the 14th amendment to the United States Constitution -
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka Kansas
School segregation was unconstitutional. the impact was that it set a foundation for the civil rights movement and gave african americans hope that "seperate,but equal" on all fronts would be changed. -
Sonia Sotomayor
Rosa Louise McCauley Parks was an African-American civil rights activist, whom the U.S. Congress called "the first lady of civil rights" and "the mother of the freedom movement". -
Civil Rights Movement
The African-American Civil Rights Movement were social movements in the United States that were trying to outlaw racial discrimination against black Americans and restoring voting rights to them. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
a seminal event in the U.S. civil rights movement, was a political and social protest campaign against the policy of racial segregation on the public transit system of Montgomery, Alabama. -
Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
an African-American civil rights organization. SCLC was closely associated with its first president, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. The SCLC had a large role in the American Civil Rights Movement. -
Civil Rights act 1957
enacted September 9, 1957, primarily a voting rights bill, was the first civil rights legislation enacted by Congress in the United States since Reconstruction following the American Civil War -
Great Society
was a set of domestic programs in the United States announced by President Lyndon B. Johnson at Ohio University and subsequently promoted by him and fellow Democrats in Congress in the 1960s. -
Student Non-Violent Coordination Committee (SNCC)
was one of the organizations of the American Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s. It emerged from a series of student meetings led by Ella Baker held at Shaw University in April 1960 -
24th amendment
prohibits both Congress and the states from conditioning the right to vote in federal elections on payment of a poll tax or other types of tax. -
United Farm Workers Organizing Committee (UFWOC)
is a labor union created from the merging of two groups, the Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee (AWOC) led by Filipino organizer Larry Itliong, and the National Farm Workers Association (NFWA) led by César Chávez -
March on Washington
The March on Washington was a rally where people walked for jobs and freedom during the civil rights movement. -
Civil Rights act 1964
was a landmark piece of legislation in the United States that outlawed major forms of discrimination against racial, ethnic, national and religious minorities, and women. -
Voting Rights act of 1965
outlawed discriminatory voting practices that had been responsible for the widespread disenfranchisement of African Americans in the U.S -
Head Start
provides comprehensive education, health, nutrition, and parent involvement services to low-income children and their families. -
Medicare
a national social insurance program, administered by the U.S. federal government since 1965 -
Upward Bound
Upward Bound is a federally funded educational program within the United States. The program is one of a cluster of programs referred to as TRIO, all of which owe their existence to the federal Higher Education Act of 1965 -
Jim Crow Laws
were state and local laws in the United States enacted between 1876 and 1965. They mandated de jure racial segregation in all public facilities in Southern states of the former Confederacy, with, starting in 1890, a "separate but equal" status for African Americans. -
National Organization for Women (NOW)
The National Organization for Women is an american activist organization that promotes womens rights. -
Black Panthers
was an African-American revolutionary socialist organization active in the United States from 1966 until 1982. The Black Panther Party achieved national and international notoriety through its involvement in the Black Power movement and U.S. politics of the 1960s and 1970s -
25th amendment
f the President of the United State dies in office, the Vice President will assume the position of the presidency. -
American Indian Movement (AIM)
The American Indian Movement (AIM) is a Native American activist organization in the United States, founded in 1968 in Minneapolis, Minnesota, it focuses on spirituality, leadership, and sovereignty -
Congress on Racial Equality (CORE)
a U.S. civil rights organization that played a pivotal role for African-Americans in the Civil Rights Movement. -
Tinker v. Des Moines
A decision by the United States Supreme Court that defined the constitutional rights of students in U.S. public schools. The Tinker test is still used by courts today to determine whether a school's disciplinary actions violate students' First Amendment rights. -
La Raza Unida (Mexican Amercians United)
was an American political party centered on Chicano nationalism. During the 1970s the Party campaigned for better housing, work, and educational opportunities for Mexican-Americans. -
26th amendment
The right of citizens of the United States, who are 18 years of age or older, to vote, shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any state on account of age. -
Title IX
no person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving federal financial assistance -
Edgewood ISD v. Kirby
In Edgewood Independent School District v. Kirby , a landmark case concerning public school finance, the Mexican American Legal Defense and Educational Fund filed suit against commissioner of education William Kirby on May 23, 1984, citing discrimination against students in poor school districts. -
Militant Protests
protests that are violent and aggressive, many protests were violent despite the push for non-violence. -
Non-Violent Protests
s the practice of achieving goals through symbolic protests, civil disobedience, economic or political noncooperation, and other methods, without using violence. -
Affirmative Action
is known as positive discrimination , refers to policies that take factors including "race, color, religion, gender, sexual orientation, or national origin" into consideration in order to benefit an underrepresented group "in areas of employment, education, and business"
