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Became prime minister of Sardinia, a kingdom which included both the island of Sardinia and the piedmont region of Northern Italy. He used national alliances to try to unite the rest of Italy to Sardinia.
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Cavour joined Napolean III on an attack on Austria and as a result, Lombardy united with Sardinia. Also, later that year, most of the northern Italy joined Cavour.
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Garibaldi had Cavour's full support and assistance, and in 1860 Garibaldi liberated Sicily and Naples.
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Cavour held an election throughout the Southern states to see if they wanted to unite to the Northern states and Sardinia to become a unified nation. Italy was officially united in 1861 and Victor Emanuel II became king of Sardinia in 1862.
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Rome became the capital of Italy in 1871, 11 years after Italy was officially unified.
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In 1929, Benito Mussolini became Prime Minister and he named the Vatican an independent city-state in 1929.
