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The Right to Vote
Women fought and achieved the right to vote. This sets the wheels in motion for women to gain equal right as men in society and education (Scholastic, 2018). -
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Workforce Powered by Women
" Millions of women enter the workforce during World War II (Scholastic, 2018)." Because of the increased exodus of men leaving for the war Millions of women had to enter the workforce to work in jobs that were usually dominated by males. -
Women in the military
"Women's services are established by the military (Scholastic, 2018)." This allowed women to officially become a part of the military. -
Sex Discrimination
"The Civil Rights Act outlaws sex discrimination (Scholastic, 2018)." This act provided women with protections against sex-based discrimination in the workplace. This provided the scafolding for similar laws in the field of education. -
First Sex Discrimination Hearing
"Congress holds first hearings on sex discrimination in higher education (Equal Rights Advocates, 2018)." This increases the awareness for the need of equal right to an education for weman attending school. -
Title IX Signed into Law
Richard Nixon signs Title IX into law. Edith Green and Birch Bayh sponsored the bill, and both of which were in the House of Representative and the Senate (Equal Rights Advocates, 2018). -
NCAA Lawsuit
NCA tries to challenge the "Leagality of Title IX (Equal Rights Advocates, 2018)." The NCAA was not successful in their suit against Title IX. -
Alexander v. Yale University
Yale University become the first school to have Title IX used in sexual harassment charges. The sexual harassment charges were against professors at Yale. This case “Confirms that sexual harassment is sex discrimination prohibited by Title IX (Equal Rights Advocates, 2018).” -
Civil Right Restoration Act
This Act provides requires all programs and activities from an institution that is federally funded to be covered by Title IX (Equal Rights Advocates, 2018). -
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Woman's Rise from Minority to Majority
During the mid to late 1990s, female students passed male students in their achievement of a bachelor’s degree. Between 1993 and 1998 female students to achieve a bachelor’s degree were at 30% while their male counterparts have not achieved more than 28% from 1968 to 2008 (United States Department of Justice, 2012). Additionally, female students now participate in athletics at rates never seen before in American history. -
Doe v. Petaluma
This court case set forth that students should be free from sexual harassment from peers under title IX (Equal Rights Advocates, 2018). -
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Into the Non-Cisgender World
Title IX is set up to combat the sex-based disclination of a Cisgender system. Title IX protects against sexual discrimination based on the student’s biological sex not the sex for which the student identifies. Currently, Title IX has not adequately caught up with the increasing non-Cisgender population. Additional consideration is needed for laws and policies to allow for the non-Cisgender and Cisgender student populations to feel safe/free to express themselves while attending school. -
References
Equal Rights Advocates. (2018). ERA’s Title IX Timeline. Retrieved from https://www.equalrights.org/title-ix-timeline/ Scholastic. (2018). Important Dates in U.S. Women's History. Retrieved from https://www.scholastic.com/teachers/articles/teaching-content/important-dates-us-womens-history/ United States Department of Justice. (2012). Equal Access to Education: Forty Years of Title IX. Retrieved from https://www.justice.gov/sites/default/files/crt/le
gacy/2012/06/20/titleixreport.pdf