Europe: a History of Revolutionary Transitions

European History: the Theme of Revolutionary Transitions

Period: Jan 1, 1648 to Dec 31, 1948

The Age of Enlightenment

Jan 1, 1751

<a href='http://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/images/Page_de_titre_de_lEncyclopédie/1312558'

The Encyclopedia by Diderot and d'Alembert </a>
Written by Diderot and d'Alembert, the Encyclopedia is an emblematic text of the Age of the Enlightenment. This period following the Scientific Revolution is marked by a renewal of Human Knowledge and strive for Wisedom.

The Industrial Revolution

Jan 1, 1760

<a href='http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/education/topics/victorian-lives-salvation-army.htm'

Poster from the Salvation Army, 1889</a>
The Industrial Revolution began in England in the late 18th century. Not only has that period brought many new technologies and revolutionizing inventions, it has also brought social changes. This document is a poster raising awareness and mobilisation for the poor.

The French Revolution

Jul 14, 1789

<a href='http://www.carnavalet.paris.fr/fr/collections/la-prise-de-la-bastille-le-14-juillet-1789'

The storming of the Bastille on July 14th 1789 </a>
The storming of the Bastille on July 14th 1789 is the symbol of the French Revolution. This painting was made by the french painter Jean-Baptiste Lallemand the very same year, providing a visual image to this important event.

Marxism

Jan 1, 1844

<a href='http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/download/pdf/Economic-Philosophic-Manuscripts-1844.pdf'

Economic & Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844</a>
Marxism is an ideology by Karl Marx, who believed that the only way the proletariat (working class) could seize its production power was by revolting against the bourgeoisie (owning the means of production). The Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844 explains the Marxist theory.

Louise Michel

Jan 22, 1871

<a href='http://www.culture.gouv.fr/culture/actualites/celebrations2005/images/016.jpg'

Louise Michel wearing the uniform, 1871 </a>
The picture of Louise Michel was taken in 1871. On it, she is wearing the uniform of the soldiers serving the empire, which reveals her engagement to the nation. She was a person, more precisely an emblematic women during the Paris Commune. She was a militant, anarchist and an active leader of the revolt.

The Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria

Jun 28, 1914

Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, 1914
This event marks a turning point in History. Historians consider that this event constitutes a trigger to World War I. The letter written by Mr. Crackanthorpe anticipates that this assassination might provoke an escalade towards war.