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White Primary is abolished in GA part II
from having little to no political control.A man named Primus E. King, who was an African-American, son of a sharecropper, had never been fully educated, and worked as a servant, barber, and later became a minister wanted to end the white primaries. When King was not allowed to participate in a primary election in Muscogee County, he decided to challenge the Muscogee County Democratic Party Executive Committee by filing a lawsuit against them. The chairman of it was Joseph E. Chapman. -
White Primary is abolished in GA part III
The court ruled that the white primaries were unconstitutional because it violated African-Americans’ voting rights since the Democratic Party was not private, but actually a part of the state government. Info: http://www.corbisimages.com/stock-photo/rights-managed/IH047031/the-two-platforms
http://mlk-kpp01.stanford.edu/index.php/encyclopedia/chronologyentry/1946_04_01/
Picture: http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/White_primary.aspx -
White Primary abolished in GA part I
Since the South had really narrowed itself down to just on political party, the Democratic Party, the South would just hold private elections in the Democratic Party in order to choose who would run for public office. These were called primary elections, and because black citizens couldn’t participate in them, by the time the general election was held, the blacks didn’t have many options because the candidates have already been narrowed down to whom the white citizens wanted. This kept the black -
Integration of armed forces part I
Over the course of World War II, many African-Americans were accepted to fight in the war. This included over one million black citizens, who even though they were discriminated against by their fellow white citizens, wanted to fight for their country.
President Harry Truman wanted to ensure that the African-Americans were treated with respect and had the same rights as white -
Integration of armed forces part II
citizens. He decided that blacks who were fighting for their country should be seen as equals as the white citizens fighting on their left and right. He declared that the armed forces were to be fully integrated immediately. He signed the order, and pretty soon there was almost no more segregation among the armed forces. Blacks were finely receiving the respect that they deserved. -
Integration of the armed forces
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Brown v. Board of Education part I
Each morning, young Linda Brown had to walk over a mile to get to her black only school. Meanwhile, a white school was only a couple blocks away from her house, and she happened to bypass it each day. Her father decided to try and enroll her into that school, but was turned down by the principal because it was a white only school.He decided to go to the NAACP for help. They brought the Board of Education to court, where the judge ruled against Brown. This didn'y stop them though! Brown took it -
Brown v. Board of Education part II
to the Supreme Court. The judge agreed that segregated schools aren't equal, and that all schools should be integrated. Brown v. Board of Education overturned Plessy v. Ferguson and encouraged the idea of civil rights movements. Info:http://www.nationalcenter.org/brown.html
http://www.answers.com/topic/brown-versus-board-of-education
http://www.watson.org/~lisa/blackhistory/early-civilrights/brown.html
Picture: http://www.fold3.com/page/83001069_brown_vs_board_of_education/ -
Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott part I
When Rosa Parks was arrested because as a negro refused to give up her seat for a white person, Martin Luther King and his friend Ralph Abernathy decided to take action. They wanted blacks to be treated the same as whote folk and be allowed to sit wherever they wish to . Blacks began to refuse to ride buses on Dec. 5, 1955, and finally the court ruled that segregated buses weren't right. This boycott spread across the nation, and other cities began refusing to be segregated on buses. -
Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott part II
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Change to GA's state flag part II
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Change to GA's state flag
The old state flag from the 1920's with the state seal on top of blue with red and white stripes adjacent to it, changed to the state sealwith the confederate battle flag to the right of it instead in 1956. They thought that it would be a fantastic way to respect the 100th aniversary of the Civil War. It is also said that many people used it to represent their hatred if desegrated schools. Info: http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp http://tw0.us/S0 -
Crisis at Central High School and the "Little Rock Nine" part I
A group of nine Afrucan American students who were nicknamed the "Littlt Rock Nine", attempted to enroll at Central High School. They Arkansas National Guard and threatening mobs refused to let them step into their school. Finally the U.S. Army had to intervene after the ruling of Brown v. Board of Education. They escorted the nine student into Central High where they would be officially attending school, but they where stilkl mistreated by their fellow classmates. -
Crisis at Central High School and the "Little Rock Nine" part II
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Hebrew Benevolent Congregation in ATL bombed part II
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Hebrew Benevolent Congregation in ATL bombed part I
The Congregation was bombed by anti-semitists, who srtongly despised Rabbi Rothschild. They had threatened him him before, and finally decided to take action on October 12, 1958 by exploding the temple. Most of it was greatly damaged, if not completely destroyed by the blow. Nobody was injured, but the destruction of this temple was significant because it was one of the richest and most ancient in Atlanta.
pic: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Temple_(Atlanta,_Georgia) -
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Sibley Commission part I
After the federal government ordered the integration of the schools, Georgia had to either shut down the schools, or obey the order. The governor put John Sibley as the leader of the commission to find out waht the Georgians thought about the issue. The Sib;ey Comission discovered that a little more than half of GA's citizens wanted to integrate school systems. Soon after, GA schools were completely desegregated. info: http://www.atlantahighered.org/civilrights/essay_detail.asp?phase=3 -
Integration of The University if Georgia
Two students, Charlayne Hunter and Hamilton Holmes, were turned down by UGA becuase they were balck. Judge William Bootle ordered that they be admitted though, and so they were able to attend college there. They were mistreated by other students thoug, including moobs and kids who destroyed some of Hunter's personal belongings. Info: http://crdl.usg.edu/event http://tw0.us/WI -
Integration of The University of Georgia part II
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Freedom Rides
The Supreme Court had ruled that buses be integrated, and the "Freedom Riders" wanted to find out if the order was actually going to work. A group of both whites and blacks created the Freedom Riders and loaded on a bus sitting wherever they pleased. It resulted in a mob beating them and continuous threats at their lives. Since they were supposed to have freedom of seating, people who abused them were arrested. info and pic: http://www.core-online.org/History/freedom%20rides.htm -
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Albany Movement
In 1961, black citizens in Albany decided to try and desegrate their entire community. Martin Luther King took part in this, and he along with more than a thousand of his fellow black followers ended up in prison. They wanted to be treated equally , and decided to protest for it. Since so many were arrested and their goal wasn't reached, it was considered a failure, but it did help them in the long run. info: http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-1057 -
Birmingham, AL protests
This protest was led by Martin Luther King and was put together by the SCLC. They wanted to change the way blacks were treated and get rid of segregation. Birmingham police brought out hoses and dogs to help contain the protestors and arrest them. This portest did eventually help convince the government to pass laws against segregation. info and pic: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birmingham_campaign -
March on Washington DC
The march was to call blacks and whotes to live together inharmony, ignoring their race. It was planned by civil rights leaders, and Martin Luther King gave his famous "I Have a Dream" speech.He called for blacks to have availability with jobs and rights giving them freedom. The march was peaceful and helped with the progress of the Civil Rights Movement. info: http://www.infoplease.com/spot/marchonwashington.html
pic: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_on_Washington_for_Jobs_and_Freedom -
16th Street Baptist Church in Birmingham bombed part II
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16th Street Baptist Church in Birmingham bombed
The Klu Klux Kaln bombed the church because they didn't agree with the Civil Rights Movements, and the church happened to be a popular meeting place for Civil Rights leaders where they planned their protests. They wanted to destroy it and show blacks that they still had supremacy over them and couldn't get away with this. Four girls were killed but it also had a positive influence on the progress of the Movement and changed the direction in which the Civil Rights Movement was going. -
John F. Kennedy assassinated
Kennedy was in Dallas, Texas riding a motorcade when he was assassinated. His wife Jackie and Lyndon Johnson accompanied him to the hospital, where they failed to revive him. He was then buried on Monday. Lee Harvey Oswald was accused of the assassination, but was shot before he ever made it to prison. info: http://www.maryferrell.org/wiki/index.php/JFK_Assassination
pic: http://www.jfklibrary.org/JFK/JFK-in-History/November-22-1963-Death-of-the-President.aspx -
Civil Rights Act 1964 passed
This act was signed by Lyndon B. Johnson and eliminated most segregation in public places. Blacks and whotes were to be treated as equal, with shared facilities, and it also enforced better treatment for women. Blacks now had to disadvantages in schooling, working, and voting. info: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1964
pic: http://mlk-kpp01.stanford.edu/index.php/encyclopedia/encyclopedia/enc_civil_rights_act_of_1964/ -
Voting Rights Act of 1965 passed
This act, passed by Lyndon B. Johnson, terminated any advantage white voters had over black voters. Blacks had the right to vote, and there was nothing that whites could do to change that. They are considered equals and shouldn't be discriminated against by taking away voting rights. info: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voting_Rights_Act
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Summerhil Race Riot (Atlanta)
It lasted for four long days, and resulted in one person dead. Nobody realized how hard it still was for black citizens, and this opened their eyes and brought their attention to the matters, allowing them to fix them. This started becuase a black man was shot by a white cop while trying to escape. info and oic: http://album.atlantahistorycenter.com/store/Advanced_Search.aspx?c=441&t=Riots--Georgia--Atlanta -
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MLK assassinated
Martin Luther King was standing on a balcony at a hotel in Tennessee, when he was shot, being instantly killed, by James Ray. King had just led a peaceful march through Memphis, TN and happened to be out on the balcony when Ray decided to murder this powerful civil rights leader. Atlanta held his funeral, and remained peaceful surprisingly as to respect his peaceful protests and continue following him. info: http://www.maryferrell.org/wiki/index.php/Martin_Luther_King_Assassination -
all GA schools integrated
Acts were being passed that gave blacks rights to finally be allowed to join whites in school. They were considered to be equal, and should be given just as much of an oppurtunity at good education as whites so that they also have a better chance at finding reall jobs so they wouldn't have to live in poverty. This resulted in mobs, beatings, and blacks being threatened of their lives. Charlayne and Holmes were two examlpes, as they attended UGA, and were badly mistreated. They did graduate -
all GA schools are integrated part II
though, and went on to highly successful lives. This also meant that GA was on the right road to integration, and they were handling more peacefully than other cities were. info: http://www.maryferrell.org/wiki/index.php/Martin_Luther_King_Assassination
pic: http://www.nytimes.com/2006/12/10/weekinreview/10liptak.html?pagewanted=all
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