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moved from rule of man to rule of law
outlined individual rights which king could not violate
included the taxation and trail provisions -
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each charter guaranteed colonists the "right of Englishmen" -
required monarchs to obtain parliamentary approval before new taxes
government could not unlawfully imprison people or establish military rule during times of peace -
Charles defeated, beheaded -
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guaranteed free speech and protection from cruel and unusual punishment.
the glorious revolution established constitutional monarchy. -
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British soldiers fired into crowd
5 colonists died -
revolutionaries dumped British tea into the harbor -
colonists were forced to "quarter," or house, British troops -
likely drawn from Virginia declaration of rights and inspired by john locke
Blamed the king for a variety of issues in the colonies
signed by the delegates to the second continental congress on August 2, 1776 -
delegates aimed to have a confederation in which colonies kept their "sovereignty, freedom, and independence."
ratification delayed by argument over who would control western lands
small states refused to ratify until they granted the entire confederation control over the lands -
first direct tax on paper goods and legal documents
stamp act congress met to protest the tax and it was repealed -
established a plan for setting for northwest territory
included disputed lands
created system for admitting states to the union
banned slavery in the territory
guided nations western expansion -
drafting a new constitution
framers
delegates to the constitutional convention
james madison
father of the constitution -
Massachusetts farmers rebelled over prospect of losing land
farmers attacked courthouses to keep judges from for closing on farms
stormed military arsenal
congress had no money to help
showed that the greatest weakness of the articles of the confederation was that they were incredibly weak. -
established a three tiered judicial structure
1. district courts
2. circuit courts
3. supreme court -
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both state and national governments were equal authorities operating within their own spheres of influence.
strict reading
national government only had powers listed in construction
(enumerated powers) -
17 amendments passed since bill of rights
constitution has provided a stable, flexible government -
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power of judicial review -
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Maryland taxed the national bank
court ruled bank was necessary and proper -
right of a state legislature to award a monopoly to operate a steamship line between NY and NJ.
court said only congress has the right to regulate commerce between states -
first national women's rights convention in the us
called for equal eights in voting, education, and property -
slave who sued for his family's freedom after being taken to free state
court said that Scott, as an african-american and previously property, was not a citizens.
gave him no legal standing to sue
called the greatest disaster of the supreme court -
granted large tracts of land to states; states sold land and used money for colleges -
supreme court during this time narrowly interpreted the 13th-15th amendments. -
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ended the Chinese immigration to the us
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ruled segregation was legal as long as the facilities were equal
separated but equal doctrine -
direct election of senators
six-year terms that are staggered on even years
approx. 1/3 of senate up for election every other year
prevents major changes in representation -
gave congress authority to set a federal income tax
main source of us income -
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both state and national governments were equal authorities operating within their own spheres of influence
strict reading
national government only had powers listed in constitution -
states and national governments worked together to deal with the great depression
many cases about FDR's new deal reached the supreme court. -
returned some authority to state governments
Ronald Reagan believed state governments could better provide services to the people -
the court saw Roosevelt's economic legislation as an assault on property rights
ruled that some new deal programs violated the constitution. -
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ruled 2nd does not protect the rights to have all types of weapons
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the supreme court ruled that a child could be expelled for refusing to salute the American flag or recite the pledge
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upheld fair labor standards act; commerce clause allows congress to regulate employment conditions -
FDR required all people of Japanese descent on the west coast to report to war relocation centers
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the court reversed itself and decided unity was not a sufficient reason to overrule religious beliefs.
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upheld involuntary internment of ethnically Japanese American citizens -
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ruled segregation is illegal
separate is inherently unequal -
ruled segregation was illegal
separate is inherently unequal -
government program to eliminate poverty and social inequality
Johnson created creative federalism, which released national funds to achieve national goals -
empowered the federal government to actively engage in voter registration in places where voting discrimination had been found.
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great society
government program to eliminate poverty and social inequality
Johnson created creative federalism, which released national funds to achieve national goals -
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187 African American students gathered at the state capitol to protest racial injustice
students did not end the protest when police told them to and were arrested
court said that the state had no authority to disperse the students, as they were protesting legally -
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expanded rights of people accused of crimes -
struck down all state laws banning interracial marriage -
protects applicants and employees of 40+ years old from discrimination based on age in hiring, promotion, discharge, compensation, privileges, etc. of employment.
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schools couldn't prevent students from protesting the Vietnam war -
segregation by order of law
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returned some authority to state governments
began in 1980s
Ronald Reagan believed state governments could better provided services to the people -
has increased twice as much as inflation
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established the rationale for qualified immunity
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limited police use of lethal force
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juries must consider if the officer believed force was reasonable
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up to 1.8 million immigrants 2016
allowed 30,000 refugees in 2019
down from 85,000 in 2016 -
prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities in all areas of public life, including jobs, transportation, and all public and private places that are open to the general public.
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ruled the 2nd amendment protects an individuals right to keep and bear arms for self-defense. -
ruled 2nd amendment right to bear arms includes the right to self defense
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ruled 2nd amendments applies to federal, state, and local governments; upheld 2nd amendment
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ruled states must grant and recognize same-sex marriage
republican presidents have appointed most of the supreme court justices since1953. -