-
1215
Magna Carta
moved from rule of man to rule of law
outlined individual rights which king could not violate
included the taxation and trail provisions -
jamestowns house of burgesses
-
mayflower compact
each charter guaranteed colonists the "right of Englishmen" -
king charles required to sign the petition or right
required monarchs to obtain parliamentary approval before new taxes
government could not unlawfully imprison people or establish military rule during times of peace -
extended conflict between Charles and parliament erupted into civil war
Charles defeated, beheaded -
renewed conflicts and rebellion between the crown and parliament
-
william and mary chosen to rule, but had to govern according to statues of parliament
-
English bills of rights
guaranteed free speech and protection from cruel and unusual punishment.
the glorious revolution established constitutional monarchy. -
sugar act
-
Boston Massacre
British soldiers fired into crowd
5 colonists died -
Boston tea party
revolutionaries dumped British tea into the harbor -
intolerable acts
colonists were forced to "quarter," or house, British troops -
Declaration of independence
likely drawn from Virginia declaration of rights and inspired by john locke
Blamed the king for a variety of issues in the colonies
signed by the delegates to the second continental congress on August 2, 1776 -
articles of confederation
delegates aimed to have a confederation in which colonies kept their "sovereignty, freedom, and independence."
ratification delayed by argument over who would control western lands
small states refused to ratify until they granted the entire confederation control over the lands -
stamp act
first direct tax on paper goods and legal documents
stamp act congress met to protest the tax and it was repealed -
northwest ordinance
established a plan for setting for northwest territory
included disputed lands
created system for admitting states to the union
banned slavery in the territory
guided nations western expansion -
the constitutional convention
drafting a new constitution
framers
delegates to the constitutional convention
james madison
father of the constitution -
Shay's Rebellion
Massachusetts farmers rebelled over prospect of losing land
farmers attacked courthouses to keep judges from for closing on farms
stormed military arsenal
congress had no money to help
showed that the greatest weakness of the articles of the confederation was that they were incredibly weak. -
judiciary act
established a three tiered judicial structure
1. district courts
2. circuit courts
3. supreme court -
federalist paper gazette of the united states published
-
dual federalism
both state and national governments were equal authorities operating within their own spheres of influence.
strict reading
national government only had powers listed in construction
(enumerated powers) -
bill of right ratified
17 amendments passed since bill of rights
constitution has provided a stable, flexible government -
whigs countered with national Gazette
-
Marybury v. Madison
power of judicial review -
12th amendment
-
McCulloch v. Maryland
Maryland taxed the national bank
court ruled bank was necessary and proper -
Gibbons v. Ogden
right of a state legislature to award a monopoly to operate a steamship line between NY and NJ.
court said only congress has the right to regulate commerce between states -
seneca rights for women
first national women's rights convention in the us
called for equal eights in voting, education, and property -
Dred Scott v. Sanford
slave who sued for his family's freedom after being taken to free state
court said that Scott, as an african-american and previously property, was not a citizens.
gave him no legal standing to sue
called the greatest disaster of the supreme court -
Morrill act
granted large tracts of land to states; states sold land and used money for colleges -
reconstruction through the end of the century.
supreme court during this time narrowly interpreted the 13th-15th amendments. -
Wyoming territory was the forst to grant women the right to grant women the right to vote
-
population of the us doubled between 1870 and 1916
-
susan B Authony refused to support the 15th amendment
-
barred entry to criminals
-
chinese exclusion act
ended the Chinese immigration to the us -
Chinese exclusion act
-
Plessy v. Ferguson
ruled segregation was legal as long as the facilities were equal
separated but equal doctrine -
17th amendment
direct election of senators
six-year terms that are staggered on even years
approx. 1/3 of senate up for election every other year
prevents major changes in representation -
16th amendment
gave congress authority to set a federal income tax
main source of us income -
congress gave states authority to manage welfare systems with block grants
-
radio became the first form of electronic media
-
19th amendment gave women the right to vote
-
N. Americans granted citizenship
-
dual federalism
both state and national governments were equal authorities operating within their own spheres of influence
strict reading
national government only had powers listed in constitution -
cooperative federalism
states and national governments worked together to deal with the great depression
many cases about FDR's new deal reached the supreme court. -
new federalism
returned some authority to state governments
Ronald Reagan believed state governments could better provide services to the people -
the new deal era
the court saw Roosevelt's economic legislation as an assault on property rights
ruled that some new deal programs violated the constitution. -
Roosevelt served 12 years as president and packed the court with nominees that supported expansion of gov't power.
-
united states v miller
ruled 2nd does not protect the rights to have all types of weapons -
Minersville school district v Gobities
the supreme court ruled that a child could be expelled for refusing to salute the American flag or recite the pledge -
united states v. Darby
upheld fair labor standards act; commerce clause allows congress to regulate employment conditions -
executive order 9066
FDR required all people of Japanese descent on the west coast to report to war relocation centers -
west Virginia state board of education v. Barnette
the court reversed itself and decided unity was not a sufficient reason to overrule religious beliefs. -
Korematsu v. the united states
upheld involuntary internment of ethnically Japanese American citizens -
cold war
-
television replaced radio as most influential electronic media
-
brown v. board
ruled segregation is illegal
separate is inherently unequal -
motivated in part by brown v board
ruled segregation was illegal
separate is inherently unequal -
great society
government program to eliminate poverty and social inequality
Johnson created creative federalism, which released national funds to achieve national goals -
civil rights act
empowered the federal government to actively engage in voter registration in places where voting discrimination had been found. -
creative society
great society
government program to eliminate poverty and social inequality
Johnson created creative federalism, which released national funds to achieve national goals -
equal pay act
-
Edwards v, south Carolina
187 African American students gathered at the state capitol to protest racial injustice
students did not end the protest when police told them to and were arrested
court said that the state had no authority to disperse the students, as they were protesting legally -
literacy tests outlawed with voting rights act
-
eliminated country-based quotas; preferred immigrants with certain job skills and relatives of us citizens
-
Miranda v. Arizona
expanded rights of people accused of crimes -
loving v. Virginia
struck down all state laws banning interracial marriage -
age discrimination in employment act
protects applicants and employees of 40+ years old from discrimination based on age in hiring, promotion, discharge, compensation, privileges, etc. of employment. -
tinker v. des monies
schools couldn't prevent students from protesting the Vietnam war -
De jure segregation ended in the 1970s
segregation by order of law -
new federalism
returned some authority to state governments
began in 1980s
Ronald Reagan believed state governments could better provided services to the people -
the cost of college
has increased twice as much as inflation -
Harlow v fizgerald
established the rationale for qualified immunity -
tennessee v garner
limited police use of lethal force -
Graham v Connor
juries must consider if the officer believed force was reasonable -
allowed 675,000 immigrants
up to 1.8 million immigrants 2016
allowed 30,000 refugees in 2019
down from 85,000 in 2016 -
Americans with disabilities act
prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities in all areas of public life, including jobs, transportation, and all public and private places that are open to the general public. -
homeland security
-
district of Columbia v. heller
ruled the 2nd amendment protects an individuals right to keep and bear arms for self-defense. -
D.C v. heller
ruled 2nd amendment right to bear arms includes the right to self defense -
McDonald v Chicago
ruled 2nd amendments applies to federal, state, and local governments; upheld 2nd amendment -
obergefell v. Hodges
ruled states must grant and recognize same-sex marriage
republican presidents have appointed most of the supreme court justices since1953. -
the average cost had risen to 85,480