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Bandmaster known for marches. Wrote at least nine operettas, these were not very good but his marches were spectacular. Conducted the "President's Own" Marine Band.
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One of the most innovative and original composers, one of the great American composers of the first half of the 20th century. His style traits involved polytonality, polyrhythms and polymeters. Used limited atonality.
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Pianist who studied with Boulanger. Helped found the National Association of Negro Musicians. Wrote Cave of the Winds March and Two Step
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French American composer: percussion music, one of the most important pioneers in the field.
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An Italian Futurist painter, composer, and builder of experimental musical instruments who wrote a creed or manifesto titled "The Art of Noises."
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Became the first black female composer to have a symphony performed by a major American orchestra: Symphony No. 1 in E minor
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Taught practically all 20th Century American composers except Gershwin. Composer, but preferred to help other composers find their "voice."
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Russian composer: orchestral pieces, piano works, and film music. Known for the composition of "Peter and the Wolf."
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First Black American composer to have a symphony and opera performed by a major ensemble. First Black American to conduct a major symphony orchestra. Used chromatic harmony, had blues influence, and through-composed.
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Teacher of Cage's teacher. Was an American innovator who was drawn to non-Western music. A huge supporter of Ives, invented chance music and invented new techniques for playing the piano. Coined the term tone cluster: groups of adjacent notes that were sounded with the fist, palm, or forearm: highly dissonant.
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American composer, wrote classical, concert hall music infused with jazz and pop music. Wrote for Broadway, film, and the concert hall.
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Spanish poet, playwright, and theatre director involved with Salvador Dali.
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Major band leader in the swing era and then in the big band era. Composed hundreds of tunes, film scores, concertos, concert pieces, and works for the theater.
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Composer, teacher, critic, conductor, and sponsor of concerts. Taught at Harvard, gave lectures, and conducted festivals in many American schools. Style is mostly tonal. Did write atonal music but it's not a popular part of his output.
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An American composer; influential as a teacher and as a composer for 50 years. Innovative treatment of rhythm and for.
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Serialist French compooser and teacher. Known for incorporating bird songs into his music. Many of his works focus on religious subjects, including aspects of non-Western cultures and religions.
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Innovated many modern compositional techniques, helped change the definition of music to "organized sound."
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One of the leading female jazz singers. She broke racial barriers by performing with white bands. Known for her renditions of blues songs.
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Composed "A Train." Collaborated with Ellington on songs for many years.
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American composer, music theorist, and teacher interested in computer music.
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Conductor, composer, teacher, pianist and lecturer. Most influential musician of the 20th century. Brought classical music to the public via various medias.
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William Grant Still and Langston Hughes. There emerged a kind of cultural capital of African American arts, including literature, painting, and music. Lasted up until the depression in the 1930s, but provided a cultural movement well into the 1940s.
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Active in electronic music and as a teacher, interested in clusters of sounds, orchestrally and chorally, his choral music is especially complex and beautiful
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The most important composer (and conductor) of the French avant-garde.
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Leading modern Italian composer of the 20th century. Helped established the electronic studio in Milan which became a center of avant-garde activity.
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German composer who made innovations in electronic music and all sorts of other types of experimental music
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Programmatic orchestral piece that used a narrator. This commission was to create music to help cultivate musical taste in young children. This piece had five musical traits: classicism, individual harmonic language, rhythmic drive, lyrical expression and comedic elements.
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Large land and sea campaign that spanned across Europe, Africa, and Pacific Islands
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First vocal synthesizer
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Recorded natural sounds and manipulating the sound by tape-splicing it, mixing it, and superimposing the sounds one on top on another
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American composer, theorist, professor at Princeton, and critic. Pioneer in digital sound synthesis, embraced computer assisted composition and even wrote a computer opera.
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The new cool jazz. Fast tempos and dissonant solos
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Blended musical styles of jump blues and honky-tonk with an edgy attitude to create a new genre of music
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Electronic Music developed in Germany, Cologne became the leading city for electronic music. The fusion of technology and acoustic music has created an entirely different aesthetic from all preceding music.
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Chance music, a new concept of composition in which the composer left one or more musical elements in performance up to chance. Ives and Cowell laid the foundation
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Also music based on elements of chance, but could imply more directly three specified types of chance elements. The first being aleatoric music whereas the other two rely on the chance during music composition
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Used sound blocks which were manipulated through musical means, functioned alongside non-tonal music with its broad sonic chunks, called sound masses.
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Following the notions of maximalism, the final thrust of complexity in some works in the 60s and 70s as the highest level of maximalization of Expressionism.
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A style of repetitive music, based on the notion that small units of musical material could be repeated with only slight variation over long periods of time.
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1970s to present. Sort of music that appeals to audiences who are hoping for music that they can understand and embrace
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Aesthetic attitude developed in the late 70s that focused on uniting many past elements of music into a new eclectic style.
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One can aurally perceive more complex chords and progressions so that as time progresses our perceptions become acclimated; what was once dissonant is not any longer over time.
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Portable personal music player
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Describe music that developed particularly among composers working in NYC as a response to Minimalism
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First Digital Audio Workstation (DAW) created for Macintosh
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