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Most pianists today point to the invention of the “first” pianoforte by Bartolomeo Cristofori (1655–1732) in Florence in 1700
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Francois Couperin (1668-1733), French composer, wrote in this new charming and entertaining style - ROCOCO style
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Rameau (1683-1764): French composer and theorist. Tried to establish a rational foundation for harmonic practice “Treatise on Harmony”(1722) the beginning of theideas of modern music theory.
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Great violinist
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Court poet in Vienna: primary librettist for opera seria in the late Baroque and Classic periods
Incredibly famous as a librettist: set the standard for opera style circa 1750 -
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Text of an opera
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In the 1740s, Giovanni Battista Sammartini (1700-75) invented the symphony in Milan, Italy
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The inventor of the string quartet genre was Franz Xaver Richter (1709-89)
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Achievements included:
Military victories
Reorganization of Prussian armies
Patronage of Prussian Arts
A gifted musician: played flute.
Composed at least 100 sonatas and 4 symphonies
Spoke German, French, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, English, Latin, ancient and modern Greek, and Hebrew -
Worked in Berlin for Frederick the Great (Frederick II) who reigned over the Kingdom of Prussia from 1740 to 1786 Prussia = Germany, Poland, Russia, Lithuania, Denmark, Belgium, Czech Republic and Switzerland
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Christoph Willibald Gluck (1714-87): lyric dramatic opera - brought about operatic reform in Italian opera seria
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musician/teacher/ violinist /author/father, Leopold Mozart (1719-87)
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beginning of ideas of modern music theory
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Organist, amature composer, writer, and music scholar
Wrote:
The Present State of Music in France and Italy (1771)
The Present State of Music in Germany, the Netherlands, and the United Provinces (1773)
A General History of Music (1776-1789, Four volumes) -
Founder of opera buffa
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Rococo” derives from the French word, “rocaille” meaning “scroll”
Ornate style: scrolls were often featured
Francois Couperin (1668-1733), French composer, wrote in this new charming and entertaining style -
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Composed two important oratorios:
Die Schöpfung (The Creation), 1798
Die Jahreszeiten (The Seasons), 1801 Composed several masses
His first composition was a Mass (1749), and his last composition was a Mass (1802) Franz Joseph Haydn (1732-1809) was credited as the primary mover within the new classic style concerning instrumental music but he did not invent the style. -
Schobert simulated orchestra effects in harpsichord writing
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by Giovanni Battista Sammartini
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Giovanni Paisiello (1740-1816) was a very good Italian composer
He spent time in Naples, St. Petersburg, and Paris, ending his career back in Naples
He wrote 94 operas
In 1816 he was offended when Rossini set the story, “The Barber of Seville” (Il barbiere di Siviglia) because Paisiello had set the story back in 1776
The old composer sent his cronies to boo and hiss at Rossini’s premiere; and died three months later -
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Vicente Martín y Soler (1754-1806); Spanish composer whose Italian opera, L’arbore di Diana (“Diana’s Tree”) was the most frequently performed opera in the Viennese court during Mozart’s lifetime
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Da Ponte wrote the libretti for the three comic operas listed above
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The style of Empfindsamkeit desired to be, above all, simple and expressive of “natural” feeling
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Mozart’s older sister: often described as equal in talent and skill
Toured with Mozart during her childhood
When she was twelve, Leopold Mozart said that she was one of the most skillful players in Europe -
A child prodigy, as was his sister, Nannerl (Maria Anna) (1751-1829) They were taken on tours of Europe by their musician/teacher/ violinist /author/father, Leopold Mozart (1719-87) A nice website that offers info on WAM:
http://www.mozartways.com/index.php -
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