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Signaled the start of the Medieval Era.
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During the Middle Ages, music was used extensively in the early church. There was also a flourishing popular-music culture from which we have significant examples. Melody is used primarily to convey words. Most composers were poets.
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Roman writer and statesman; important as a music theorist with his "De institutione musica"
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Plainchant melody with an added melody. what resulted was a musically sung piece of parallel 4ths and 5ths; 3rds were dissonant and should not be used
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Music theorist; he is credited with creating a system of precise pitch notation through lines and spaces on a staff; he advocated a method of sight-singing using syllables; his treatise, Micrologus, the earliest and best treatise on musical composition of chant and polyphony.
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Composer of the first morality play; known as the Sybil of the Rhine; writer, composer, theologian; her counsel was sought after by rulers
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Famous troubadour; perhaps the finest of the troubadour poets; very important musically to us because more of his music survives than any other 12th century poet.
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Master of organum purum at the Cathedral of Notre Dame, Paris.
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Famous female troubadour; she has left us the only surviving melody by a female troubadour
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One of the earliest trouveres and most famous of poets; melodies show influence of Gregorian Chant.
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Poet and Minnesinger; worked at the Viennese court; he wrote the earliest surviving minnesinger melody; his contemporaries considered him the leading composer and poet among Minnesinger.
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;Master of discant organum at the Cathedral of Notre Dame, Paris; supposed student of Leonin; wrote 3 and 4-voice organum; his identity is regarded as speculative
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Austrian Minnesinger; one of the earliest German poets; folk-like style; his works were the only Minnesinger songs printed in the Renaissance; sang in Vienna
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More text than chant; rhythmic: 6 rhythmic modes, then very complex; instrumental inclusion; texts in French, Latin, or both
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One of the last trouveres; wrote polyphony; studied in Paris
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Known as the "inventor of a new art," French composer, poet, theorist, and bishop; established a new tradition of mensural notation.
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The New Art in France focused on new compositional techniques such as isorhythm and hocket. The most innovative accomplishments were in the area of rhythm.
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The leading composer and poet of the Ars Nova; his importance and innovations are extraordinary
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The Trecento was a time of vigorous activity in Italy, as it was in France, with which there was a frequent interchange of musicians and influences. Distinguishing the period from the preceding century was an emphasis on secular song, especially love lyrics; much of the surviving music is polyphonic, but the influence of the troubadours who came to Italy, fleeing the Albigensian Crusade in the early 13th century, is evident.
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Italian composer; ranks second in importance to Landini; priest
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Known for his cadences; virtuoso organist; blind from early age; most celebrated musical personality of the Trecento; also an instrument maker
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The Bubonic plague killed over 75 million people in the 1340s
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Italian composer; virtuoso harpist; theorist; teacher of Landini; wrote a treatise on notation
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Austrian poet and composer; used French notation; wrote polyphony; used German texts
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French composer; he wrote in the older style and in the new modern ars subtilior; his rondeau, Belle bonne sage, was published in musical notation in the shape of a heart
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Famous Italian Artist
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The leading English composer; created a new consonant style of 3rds and 6ths that became the Renaissance style; many works destroyed during the English Reformation
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Franco-Flemish; the first important Renaissance composer; used older medieval cadences
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Early Renaissance composer, often paired with Dufay in importance; served at the Court of the Duke of Burgundy
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Bass singer; served 3 Kings; very respected; did not use much imitation; born in Northeastern France; important teacher
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During the Renaissance, secular music became more popular and widespread. Polyphony was the primary texture in most genres. melodies were numerous and simultaneous, and therefore often obscured. The madrigal served as the vehicle for experimentation that helped lead into the Baroque style.
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His chansons represent a transition to a new Renaissance secular polyphony; widely known along with Ockeghem
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Composer and music theorist: wrote about contemporary music; wrote the first dictionary of musical terms: diffinitorum musices
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Famous Italian artist
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Franco-Flemish composer, singer; worked in France and Italy; perhaps one of the earliest composers to use imitation prominently
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Considered by Martin Luther to be the "best of the composers of our time" and "the master of the notes;" he was said to have had no peer in music; French.
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Leading composer at the Burgundian court; never worked in Italy; very famous in his day; frequent use of canon and ostinato; preferred low sonorities
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Leonardo da Vinci was an Italian polymath of the High Renaissance who was active as a painter, draughtsman, engineer, scientist, theorist, sculptor and architect.
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Made important contributions to large-scale forms and their unity; Dutch; important composer of masses in Europe
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First music printer and publisher; preserved Renaissance music for us today
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Famous Italian painter
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French; worked in Italian cities; important pioneer for madrigals; his early madrigals were often homorhythmic in style
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German theologian and composer; he was the founder of the Lutheran Church
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English; organist and choirmaster; influenced by the Lutheran faith; wrote for the Catholic liturgy; an important English composer in the first half of the 16th century
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French composer and singer; widely published in his day; many composers transcribed his music in his day
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Complex, continuous polyphony; strong advocate of textual expression; studied with Jean Mouton; served in Italian courts; extraordinary teacher; worked in Venice at St. Marks Cathedral
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Became an icon of Renaissance music for future generations; Roman style; responded to the requests of the council of Trent to reform Catholic church music; mostly contrapuntal liturgical music
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English; Catholic composer writing both Protestant and Catholic music in England; greatest English composer of his time
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Italian composer; he is remembered as a pioneer of dramatic music in the 16th century; important pioneer in the genre of madrigal comedy
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German music theorist, composer, teacher, and astronomer
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Known for his chromaticism; Neapolitan Prince of Venosa; leading composer of madrigals; extreme expressive intensity; Stravinsky was fascinated with his music; friends with the poet Tasso
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He lived into the early Baroque - many Renaissance-style songs wer composed for and used in his plays
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Famous scientist
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French composer and singer; on of the people credited with writing the first ballet, Ballet comique de la Reine in 1581 with composer, Beaulieu