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Focuses on effieciency, control, the needs of a hierarchy and the chain of command, as well as rules, controls, and structure of the organzation.
Scientific Management School includes:
-Scientific Managment (Frederick Taylor - 1913)
-Principles of Management (Henri Fayol - 1916)
-Principles of Bureacracy (Max Weber - 1947) -
Emphasized attention to employees, looked at working conditions, focused on motivation, and management styles such as reward/punishment and self-motivation, and also concluded that the more participation/voice the more motivation The Human Behavior School included:
-Principles of Coordination (Mary Parker Follett - 1910s)
-The Hawthorne Effect (Elton Mayo - 1927)
-Theory X & Theory Y (Douglas McGregor - 1960s)
-Participative Management (Rensis Likert - 1961) -
Focuses on explaining the integration between people, technologies and environments influence everything that happens in organizations. It looks at individual's need to balance their social-psychological needs with the organization's goals as well as both the organizational environment and the outside environment and how it affects the organization.
Integrated Perspectives Viewpoints Include:
-Decision-Making Approach (Herbert Simon - 1957)
-Sociotechnical Integration (Eric Trist - 1951) -
More Intergrated Perspectives Viewpoints:
-Contingency Theory (Joan Woodward - 1965)
-The Systems Approach (Katz & Kahn - 1960s)
-Learning Organizations (Senge - 1990)
-Organizational Culture Formation (Edgar Schein - 1985)
-The Strong Culture Perspective (Martin & Frost - 1996)
-The Fragmentation Perspective (Frost - 1996)
-Sensemaking Model (Karl Weick - 1995) -
Focus on power and domination and on challenges in the heirarchy, bureacracy and managment as well as looking into the gender and power that is prevelant in organizations. Includes:
-Postmodern Perspectives (Stewart Clegg - 1990)
-Critical Theory (Karl Marx - 1930 inspired modern work)
-Feminist Organization Theories (Maria Calas & Linda Smircich - 1992)
