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Period: to
Theoretical Turning Points
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The Scientific Management School
Focuses on effieciency, control, the needs of a hierarchy and the chain of command, as well as rules, controls, and structure of the organzation.
Scientific Management School includes:
-Scientific Managment (Frederick Taylor - 1913)
-Principles of Management (Henri Fayol - 1916)
-Principles of Bureacracy (Max Weber - 1947) -
Human Behavior School
Emphasized attention to employees, looked at working conditions, focused on motivation, and management styles such as reward/punishment and self-motivation, and also concluded that the more participation/voice the more motivation The Human Behavior School included:
-Principles of Coordination (Mary Parker Follett - 1910s)
-The Hawthorne Effect (Elton Mayo - 1927)
-Theory X & Theory Y (Douglas McGregor - 1960s)
-Participative Management (Rensis Likert - 1961) -
Integrated Perspectives Viewpoints
Focuses on explaining the integration between people, technologies and environments influence everything that happens in organizations. It looks at individual's need to balance their social-psychological needs with the organization's goals as well as both the organizational environment and the outside environment and how it affects the organization.
Integrated Perspectives Viewpoints Include:
-Decision-Making Approach (Herbert Simon - 1957)
-Sociotechnical Integration (Eric Trist - 1951) -
Integrated Perspectives Viewpoints Continued
More Intergrated Perspectives Viewpoints:
-Contingency Theory (Joan Woodward - 1965)
-The Systems Approach (Katz & Kahn - 1960s)
-Learning Organizations (Senge - 1990)
-Organizational Culture Formation (Edgar Schein - 1985)
-The Strong Culture Perspective (Martin & Frost - 1996)
-The Fragmentation Perspective (Frost - 1996)
-Sensemaking Model (Karl Weick - 1995) -
Postmodern, Critical, and Feminist Perspectives
Focus on power and domination and on challenges in the heirarchy, bureacracy and managment as well as looking into the gender and power that is prevelant in organizations. Includes:
-Postmodern Perspectives (Stewart Clegg - 1990)
-Critical Theory (Karl Marx - 1930 inspired modern work)
-Feminist Organization Theories (Maria Calas & Linda Smircich - 1992)
