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Period: Jun 18, 1521 to
Migrating to the Mexican Texas Territory
African Americans were forced to leave their native land (Central Mexico ) from 1521 through 1821.People of color lived in relative freedom and safety in border regions on the outskirts of the Mexican territory. Unfortunately the west was not for free African Americans and they were forced to become slaves. -
A Inhabitanter
Isabel de Olivera who founded and populated cities and towns from San Antonio to San Francisco. -
Independence
Mexcio declared independence from Spain -
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Native Americans Relocated
nearly seventy thousand Native Americans were relocated from the Old South to Indian Territory. -
The Attraction
California's Gold rush attracted many African Americans causing them settle in San Francisco and Sacramento -
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Migration to the West
African Americans migrating to the west for a better life or job opportunity. -
Migration to Oklahoma
The Oklahoma Territory was created in 1866 of the western half of the original Indian Territory on land originally set aside for settlement by Native Americans. For African Americans Oklahoma represented the possibility of creating towns and colonies where black people would be free to exercise their political rights without interference -
The Aristocratic Hostelry of Denver
Most black migrants to Colorado settled in Denver; by 1870, 56 percent of the state's African-American population lived there. One of the first was Barney Ford. He worked as a barber and restaurant owner until he built the Inter-Ocean Hotel in 1874. Ford later opened another hotel in Cheyenne, Wyoming.. -
The Advantage of Living in a Free State
"Singleton had escaped a dozen times during his years of enslavement, finally reaching Canada as a passenger on the Underground Railroad. In 1874, while working as a carpenter in Nashville, he distributed a circular, The Advantage of Living in a Free State, encouraging migration to Kansas. " -
Homesteading In Nicodemus
"In 1877, a white developer, together with six prospective black homesteaders from the South, founded the town of Nicodemus." Invested in an agricultural community on Kansas frontier , the life wasn't easy for anyone that chose to live there was blazing summer heat and bitter winter cold." For African Americans across the country, Nicodemus became an important symbol of self-governance and economic enterprise." -
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Persuasion
"Hundreds of African Americans arrived in time for the September 22, 1891 opening, many of them armed and reputedly ready to secure a home "at any price." Six months later, thousands raced for the opening of the Cheyenne - Arapaho lands; and in 1893 many more staked claims in the Cherokee Strip. " -
Sucessful writer
Mifflin W. Gibbs wrote autobiography , "Thanks to the evolution of events and march of liberal ideas the colored men in California now have a recognized citizenship, and equality before the law. It was not so at the period of which I write. With thrift and a wise circumspection financially, their opportunities were good [but] from every other point of view they were ostracized, assaulted without redress, disfranchised, and denied their oath in court." -
Take Over
African American Los Angeles grew rapidly during the twentieth century's first decade. In 1903, the Southern Pacific Railroad brought two thousand black laborers to break a strike of Mexican American construction workers, doubling the size of the community. This picture shows you how long the Southern Pacific Railroad was. -
An Successful African-American business entrepreneurs
Madam C.J. Walker another successful African American whom specialized in beauty products for African American. Like many women in this era their hair suffered because of lack of hygiene purposes and bad diet choices. -
Change to Oklahoma
. In 1907, Oklahoma gained statehood, and the Democratic-dominated state legislature quickly disenfranchised black voters, and segregated public schools and accommodations. Jim Crow had come to Oklahoma. -
Oliver T. Jackson
In 1910, Oliver Toussaint Jackson and his wife, Minerva, filed a "desert claim" for 320 acres in Colorado's Weld County, and the town of Dearfield was established. "poor as people could be when they took up their homesteads.... Some of them paid their [railroad] fare as far as they could and walked the balance of the way to Dearfield.Some of us were in tents, some in dugouts and some just had a cave in the hillside." -
Texas family in California
This picture is of a Texan family who had to migrate to California because of an horrible drought that destroyed their farm. -
The World War II migration
World War ll Began and migration from the war which made the entire region "younger, more southern, more female, and noticeably more black than ever before." -
Descending of the Migration
By 1965, the year of the Watts Uprising in Los Angeles, it was clear that racial discrimination in employment, housing, and public schools had made the region remarkably similar to the rest of the nation.
Although many African-American westerners saw their lives improved by the civil rights and Black Power movements, after Watts there was a palpable decline in optimism among both the middle and working classes about the region's potential for affording them opportunity and racial justice. -
Unemployment
After the war when when troops returned African Americans were laid off . Competition for jobs increased heavily. -
Edwin P. McCabe
Edwin P. McCabe, arrived in Oklahoma in 1990 Through his newspaper, the Langston City Herald, McCabe declared the Territory the "paradise of Eden and the garden of the Gods." To African Americans growing restless under Southern segregation and lynch law, he added a special enticement: "Here the negro can rest from mob law, here he can be secure from every ill of the southern policies." Him and his wife also founded Langston City, an all-black community
