The Six Computer Cycles

  • Mechanical Devices

    Mechanical Devices
    In 1784, J. P. Paucton proposed a gyrocopter-like aircraft using similar screws for both lift and propulsion.
  • Electro-Mechanical Devices

    Electro-Mechanical Devices
    Italian Pellegrino Turri invented a typewriter in 1808.
  • Multiplying Machine

    Thomas de Colmar's multiplying machine was patent.
  • Mechanical Calculator

    Thomas de Colmar launched the mechanical calculator industry in 1851 when he released his simplified arithmometer.
  • Comptometer

    Dorr E. Felt started manufacturing his comptometer.
  • First Generation Computers: The Stored Program Computer

    First Generation Computers: The Stored Program Computer
    The stored-program computer idea can be traced back to 1936.
  • The Second Generation Computers: High-Level Programming Languages

    The Second Generation Computers: High-Level Programming Languages
    Zuse developed the first real high-level programming language, Plankalkül (“Plan Calculus”), in 1944–45.
  • Third Generation Computers: Mainframes

    Third Generation Computers: Mainframes
    The first mainframe was made by IBM and the Seven Dwarfs in the late 1950s
  • Adding Machine

    Adding Machine
    This is a manual adding machine manufactured in the 1950s.
  • Fourth Generation Computers: The Personal Computer

    Fourth Generation Computers: The Personal Computer
    The IPad was invented by Steve Jobs.