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The first cooncentration camps were established in 1933 soon after Hilter's appointment as chancellor. German authorities established camps all over Germany to handle the massive amount of people arrested. The SS, the police, and the local civilian authorities organized detention camps to incarcerate real and percieved opponents of the Nazi policy.
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When Hitler came to power he had an idea of anti- semitism. Anti-semitism when people are in hated agianst jews. Hitler made this belief big in 1933 to 1945 where concentration camps were made and WWII started.
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Anti-semitism was well known from 1933- 1945. This was the point in time where Hitler came topower. He supported anti-semitism. He conviced/forced Germans to support it to.
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Beginning in 1933, Jews began to loose their freedoms. They were excluded from state services and schools. They were also banned from medical, government, and acting jobs.
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After Germany invaded Poland in September 1939, World War ll began. Along with the war came the expansion of concentration camps. The camps rapidly spread to the east. The concentration camps became sites where the SS could kill the enemies of Nazi Germany.
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In 1934 concentration camp commandments forced the jews into labor. They did this for the benefit of the SS construction projects. One of the projects was the expansion of the concentration camps. The SS authorities still continued to undernourish and mistreat prisoners.
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Laws passed that identified Jews and had them carry around identification cards.
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Hitler wrote a famous book to convince the Germans to go agianst jews. The book, My Struggle, was the most bought book in Germany. It created a hatred of jews and shaped the whole wat.
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By December, 1935 all Jews had to carry around identification cards.
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The Euthanasia Program started with disabled and mentally disturbed children. They would keep hem in facilitys and drug them or starve them to death. Hitler thought it would be a good way to get rid of disabled people.
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The first ghetto was established in October 1939 to seperate jews from non-jews, and jews from other jews. The first ghetto was established in Piotrków Trybunalski, Poland by German occupation authorities.
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Hitler signed for the Euthanasia program to start collecting infants. They would use lethal injection. The babies had to show signes of mental disorder.
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The Einsatzgruppen were squads composed of German SS and German police. Their tasks were to kill anyone who was an enemy of the Germans in the Soviet Union. They killed Jews, Gypsies and Soviet officials and also murdered people in the institutions for the mentally and phisically disabled. Many people belive this was the first step in the "Final Solution," or the killing of all European Jews.
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In the late summer of 1941, Heinrich Himmler noticed the psychological effect the mass shootings of the Einsatzgruppen were having on his men. He requested that a more convenient mode of killing was used, the result was a gas van. The van was a chamber mounted on a cargo truck that used carbon monoxide from the exhaust of the truck to kill the victims. Gas vans, along with shooting, were used by the Einsatzgruppen until the stationary gassing facilities took over.
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In September of 1941, Einsatzgruppen followed the German army into the Soviet Union. They spread out and killed Jews in Poland, Ukraine and many cities in the Soviet Union. The most famous massacre was two days in late september when four units of the Einsatzgruppen killed 33,771 Kiev Jews in the ravine at Babi Yar.
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The ghettos began to come to and end in late 1941. The ghettos ended becaue of the implamation of the final solution. The final soulution was a plan to kill all european jews.
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The first killing center (also known as "death camps") is opened. Chelmno will soon be the death place of more than 1 million Jews. Chelmno was in Warthegau, Poland
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In Operation Reinhard killing centers, Nazis kill about 1,526,500 Jews. These death camps were the ultimate way for efficient mass murder.
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Allied powers began punishing axis powers for crimes commited during the war. Allied powers such as The United States, Great Britain, and The Soviet Union. Axis powers such as Germany, Japan, and Italy. Criminals includede Hans Frank of Germany, Alfred Rosenburg of Germany, and Julius Streicher of Germany. These criminals were either killed or put in jail.
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Allied powers created a declaration against axis war crimes. The Declaration stated that the people responsible for the murder of the Jews population in Europe will be punished by allied powers. Allied powers such as The United States, Great Britain, and Soviet Union. Axis powers included Germany, Italy, and Japan.
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In spring 1943 one of the largest ghetto uprisings occured. The Warsaw ghetto held an armed revolt against the germans for their strict ghetto restrictions.
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By spring of 1943, the Einsatzgruppen had killed over a million Jews, Soviet Jews and institutionalized disabled persons. However, the mobile killing methods were unrealistic and proved to be inefficient. The psychological effects were hard on the killers, so the German officals began construction on the stationary killing centers.
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In earley 1943 Danish resistance organized a rescue operation with local fishermen that would end up ferrying 7,200 Jews into Sweeden.
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The reason for the death marches was that SS authorities did not want prisoners to tell their stories to their enemies. Some SS leaders believed that they could use Jewish concentration camp prisoners as hostages to bargain for a separate peace in the west that would guarantee the survival of the Nazi.
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During these death marches the SS authorities mistreated the prisoners they shot hundereds of the prisoners who collapsed or could not keep pace on the march.Thousands of prisoners died of exposureor starvation. The forced marches were especially common in late 1944.
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Ghettoization did not begin in Hungary until spring 1944. Ghettoization occured in Hungary after Germany took over Hungary. In Hungary 440,000 were put into short term destruction ghettos.
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The Soviets were the first to approach a major concentration camp. The Germans, surprised by the fast Soviet advance, tried to hide the evidence of mass murder by demolishing the camp. The Germans working in the camp set fire to the creamatorium used to burn the bodies. Because of the hasty evacuation, gas chambers were left standing. The Soviets also found the Belzec, Sobibor, and Treblinka killing centers. The germans shut down those camps because most Jews in Poland had already been killed.
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At Auschwitz-Birkenau, over a million jews, and tens of thousands of Romas, Poles, and soviet prisoners of war are killed in 2 years.
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The Soviets liberated Aushwitz. When they entered there was a large amount of evidence that it was the largest extermination camp. The Nazis forceds the Aushwitz prisoners westward (death march). The Soviet soilders only found several thousand prisoners alive when they invaded the camp. The Germans, while retreating, burned many wharehouses, however in the ones not destroyed they found items that belonged to the prisoners. Items such as the clothes of the prisoners and human hair.
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The Buchenwald camp was located near Weimar, Germany. On the day of liberation, a prisoner resistance seized control of the camp to prevent the camp guards from commtitting murder. When the U.S.A got to the camp, the Nazis were trying to liberate the camp. The American forces liberated more than 20,000 prisoners in that camp alone.
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British forces entered the camp near Celle in mid-April. About 60,000 prisoners were liberated. They were in critical condition due to the Typhus epidemic. Some 10,000 prisoners died only weeks after liberation from malnutrition and disease.
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The SS guards went to hundreds and thousands of concentration camps to get the prisoners.There were also thousands of Soviet troops that were forced to march as well.
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The Euthanasia program claimed the lives of 200,000 people. They killed babies and children and adults. toward the end parents started to figure it out.
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The Euthanasia program used to send their kids to the facility thinking they would be ok. then they would get death certifcates saying a fake death.
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US prosecuters tried 177 people during this time for crimes commited during the war. More than half of these crimes were won. Criminals included the famous Adolf Eichaman of Germany who went into hiding after the fall of the German empire. Allied powers could not stand to see what the Nazis did to the Jews people, and how badly they treated them throughout the war.
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The trail of Adolf Eichmann took place. Adolf Eichmann was the head of the department of Jewish affairs. He helped deport over 3 million jews to concentration camps. After the fall of the german empire Eichmann escaped to Argentina where he live under a new name for 10 years until he was captured and sent to court, where he was sentenced to death.
